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This study presents the first large\u2010scale analysis of mobility throughout the presacral region of the vertebral column in carnivorans. The study covers representatives of 6 families, 24 genera and 34 species. We utilized a previously developed osteometry\u2010based method to calculate available range of motion, quantifying all three directions of intervertebral mobility: sagittal bending (SB), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR). We observed a strong phylogenetic signal in the structural basis of the vertebral column (vertebral and joint formulae, length proportions of the backbone modules) and an insignificant phylogenetic signal in most characteristics of intervertebral mobility. This indicates that within the existing structure (stabilization of which occurred rather early in different phylogenetic lineages), intervertebral mobility in carnivorans is quite flexible. Our findings reveal that hyenas and canids, which use their jaws to seize prey, are characterized by a noticeably elongated cervical region and significantly higher SB and LB mobility of the cervical joints compared to other carnivorans. In representatives of other carnivoran families, the cervical region is very short, but the flexibility of the neck (both SB and LB) is significantly higher than that of short\u2010necked odd\u2010toed and even\u2010toed ungulates. The lumbar region of the backbone in carnivorans is dorsomobile in the sagittal plane, being on average\u2009~23\u00b0 more mobile than in artiodactyls and\u2009~38\u00b0 more mobile than in perissodactyls. However, despite the general dorsomobility, only some representatives of Canidae, Felidae, and Viverridae are superior in lumbar flexibility to the most dorsomobile ungulates. The most dorsomobile artiodactyls are equal or even superior to carnivorans in their ability to engage in dorsal extension during galloping. In contrast, carnivorans are far superior to ungulates in their ability to engage ventral flexion. The cumulative SB in the lumbar region in carnivorans largely depends on the mode of running and hunting. Thus, adaptation to prolonged and enduring pursuit of prey in hyenas is accompanied by markedly reduced SB flexibility in the lumbar region. A more dorsostable run is also a characteristic of the Ursidae, and the peculiar maned wolf. Representatives of Felidae and Canidae have significantly more available SB mobility in the lumbar region. However, they fully engage it only occasionally at key moments of the hunt associated with the direct capture of the prey or when running in a straight line at maximum speed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T07:37:51Z","timestamp":1697269071000},"page":"205-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Running, jumping, hunting, and scavenging: Functional analysis of vertebral mobility and backbone properties in carnivorans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruslan I.","family":"Belyaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. 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Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1985.tb04944.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JOA.13300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JOA.13521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.13302365.v4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13688"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13799"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.544"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b21885"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199201000\u201000013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23636"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"Filler A.G.(1986)Axial character seriation in mammals: an historical and morphological exploration of the origin development use and current collapse of the homology paradigm. 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