{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:06:24Z","timestamp":1790960784070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K08435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K08435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K16839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K16839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sphenomandibular ligament (SML) is considered to originate from Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, no study has examined how the os goniale contributes to SML development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semiserial histological sections of heads from 18 near\u2010term fetuses at 27\u201340\u2009weeks of gestation were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Observations<\/jats:title><jats:p>The os goniale and the anterior process of the malleus (AP) provided a long, bar\u2010like membranous bone complex that passed through the petrotympanic and tympanosquamosal fissures. Notably, the AP\u2013goniale complex is sometimes elongated inferiorly to join the SML (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094 specimens). Along the complex in the bone fissures, a degenerating MC was often present (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912). With (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) or without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) the MC remnant, the tympanic bone (TYB) protruded inferomedially near the tympanosquamosal fissure, and it sometimes continued to a cartilaginous SML (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093). The temporal bone squamosa or petrosa provided a similar bony process approaching the SML. The middle meningeal artery often ran between the sphenoid and petrosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the specimens (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) exhibited a sequential change from a cartilaginous SML as a continuation of the MC remnant to the ligament after the disappearance of the cartilage. The degenerating MC appeared to cause transformation from the AP\u2013goniale complex and\/or TYB to \u201canother ligament\u201d that replaced the usual SML at the upper part. Near the MC remnant, a similar transformation was also suggested on the squamosa or petrosa. The sphenoid spine appeared to originate often from the sphenoid ala major but sometimes from the TYB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T05:11:49Z","timestamp":1700629909000},"page":"514-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sphenomandibular ligament and degenerating Meckel's cartilage revisited: Sequential variations with temporal bone deformity for ligament attachment in near\u2010term human fetuses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6789-2977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe\u2010Wu","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2619-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Honkura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine  Isehara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0302-7658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shogo","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine  Isehara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Cupid Clinic  Iwamizawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4683-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus professor of Akita University School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5423-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine Complutense University  Madrid 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