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For this reason, thorough studies of the structure and function of the pelvic and hindlimb musculature of crocodylians are required and provide the possibility to expand their implications for the evolution of archosaurian locomotion, as well as to identify potential new characters based on muscles and their bony correlates. In this study, we give a detailed description of the pelvic and hindlimb musculature of the South American alligator <jats:italic>Caiman yacare<\/jats:italic>, providing comprehensive novel information regarding lower limb and autopodial muscles. Particularly for the pedal muscles, we propose a new classification for the dorsal and ventral muscles of the autopodium based on the organisation of these muscles in successive layers. We have studied the myology in a global background in which we have compared the <jats:italic>Caiman yacare<\/jats:italic> musculature with other crocodylians. In this sense, differences in the arrangement of <jats:italic>m. flexor tibialis internus<\/jats:italic> 1, <jats:italic>m. flexor tibialis externus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>m. iliofibularis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mm. puboischiofemorales internii<\/jats:italic> 1 and 2, between <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>yacare<\/jats:italic> and other crocodylians were found. We also discuss the muscle attachments that have different bony correlates among the crocodylian species and their morphological variation. Most of the correlates did not exhibit great variation among the species compared. The majority of the recognised correlates were identified in the pelvic girdle; additionally, some bony correlates associated with the pedal muscles are highlighted here for the first time. This research provides a wide framework for future studies on comparative anatomy and functional morphology, which could contribute to improving the character definition used in phylogenetic analyses and to understand the patterns of musculoskeletal hindlimb evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T01:21:26Z","timestamp":1702862486000},"page":"749-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hindlimb and pelvic anatomy of <i>Caiman yacare<\/i> (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia): Myology and osteological correlates with emphasis on lower leg and autopodial musculature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6979-0010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Pereyra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas\u2014CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Paleontolog\u00eda Vertebrados, Anexo Laboratorios Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town  Rhodes Gift South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0536-9897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio A.","family":"Cerroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas\u2014CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Anatom\u00eda Comparada y Evoluci\u00f3n de los Vertebrados Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales \u2018Bernardino Rivadavia\u2019  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustina","family":"Lecuona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de R\u00edo Negro, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Paleobiolog\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda  General Roca R\u00edo Negro Argentina"},{"name":"CONICET, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Paleobiolog\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda (IIPG)  General Roca R\u00edo Negro Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Bona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas\u2014CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Paleontolog\u00eda Vertebrados, Anexo Laboratorios Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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