{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:11:51Z","timestamp":1789931511888,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12J09363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12J09363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18KK0393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18KK0393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26800269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26800269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fully aquatic Japanese giant salamander (<jats:italic>Andrias japonicus<\/jats:italic>) is a member of the Cryptobranchidae, and is currently distributed in western Japan, with other members of this group restricted to China and North America. Their feeding behaviour is characterized by a form of suction feeding that includes asymmetric movements of the jaw and hyobranchial apparatus. Previous studies on the North American species, <jats:italic>Cryptobranchus alleganiensis<\/jats:italic>, have suggested that this specialized jaw movement is produced by a flexible quadrate\u2010articular joint combined with a loosely connected lower jaw symphysis including two small fibrocartilaginous pads. However, little is known about this feeding behaviour in the Asian species, nor have the three\u2010dimensional asymmetric jaw movements been fully investigated in any member of Cryptobranchidae. In this study, we explore the asymmetric jaw movements in <jats:italic>A. japonicus<\/jats:italic> using three methods: (1) dissection of musculoskeletal structures; (2) filming of feeding behaviour to understand in which situations asymmetric feeding is used; (3) analysis of 3D movement of jaws and skull. In the third component, fresh (from frozen) specimens of <jats:italic>A. japonicus<\/jats:italic> were manipulated to replicate asymmetric and symmetric jaw movements, with the specimens CT scanned after each step to obtain the 3D morphology of the jaws at different positions. These positions were combined and their Euler angles from resting (closed) jaw position were calculated for asymmetric or symmetric jaw positions. Our filming revealed that asymmetric jaw movements are linked to the position of the prey in relation to the snout, with the jaw closest to the prey opening asymmetrically. Moreover, this action allows the salamander to simultaneously grasp prey in one side of the mouth while ejecting water on the other side, if the first suction attempt fails. The asymmetric jaw movements are performed mainly by rotation of the mandible about its long axis, with very limited lateral jaw movements. During asymmetric and symmetric jaw movements, the posterior ends of the maxilla and quadrate move slightly. The asymmetric jaw movements are permitted by a mobile quadrate\u2010articular joint formed by wide, round cartilages, and by two small fibrocartilage pads within the jaw symphysis that act as cushions during jaw rotation. Some of these soft tissue structures leave traces on the jaws and skull, allowing feeding mode to be reconstructed in fossil taxa. Understanding cryptobranchid asymmetric jaw movement thus requires a comprehensive assessment of not only the symphysial morphology but also that of other cranial and hyobranchial elements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T07:17:19Z","timestamp":1705130239000},"page":"679-707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The anatomy and feeding mechanism of the Japanese giant salamander (<i>Andrias japonicus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0334-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryoko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History  Odawara Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9393-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin\u2010ichi","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nagoya University Museum  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0799-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology UCL, University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.22648"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01945537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012632590-4\/50004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"435","article-title":"Studien zur Anatomie der Zungenbein\u2010, Kiemenbogen\u2010 und Kehlkopfmuskulatur der Urodelen. I. Theil","volume":"15","author":"Dr\u00fcner L.","year":"1901","journal-title":"Zoologische Jahrb\u00fccher. Abteilung f\u00fcr Anatomie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"On the larval hyobranchial skeleton and musculature of Cryptobranchus, Menopoma, and Ellipsoglossa","volume":"57","author":"Edgeworth F.H.","year":"1923","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"493","volume-title":"The cranial muscles of vertebrates","author":"Edgeworth F.H.","year":"1935"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052200106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051810206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.7944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"381","volume-title":"The anatomy of the salamander","author":"Francis E.T.B.","year":"1934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"554","article-title":"Andrias japonicus (Japanese giant salamander) diet","volume":"51","author":"Hamanaka K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Herpetological Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.1028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyrtl J.(1865)Cryptobranchus japonicus: schediasma anatomicum quod almae et antequissimae. Universitati Vidonbonensi ad solennia saecularia quinta pie celdebranda 132 pp.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.7949"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854289X00174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Cranial kinesis in the Amphibia: a review","volume":"61","author":"Iordansky N.N.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zhurnal Obshche\u012d Biologii"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Jaw apparatus of the permanent\u2010aquatic Urodela: pedomorphosis, neoteny and feeding adaptations","volume":"8","author":"Iordansky N.N.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Russian Journal of Herpetology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlab038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102744"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211410011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051470203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853883X00210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2423407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"On the prey of the Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) at the middle reaches of Eno\u2010River in Hiroshima Prefecture","volume":"18","author":"Naito J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natural History of Nishi\u2010Chugoku Mountains"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1444042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Anatomie des japanischen Riesensalamanders","volume":"5","author":"Osawa G.","year":"1902","journal-title":"Mitteilungen aus der Medizinischen Fakult\u00e4t der Kaiserlichen Universit\u00e4t zu Tokyo"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1441701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1882.tb00355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/278619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051990208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palwor.2020.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt F.G.J. Goddard Q.J.&van derHoeven J.(1862)Aanteekeningen over de anatomie van denCryptobranchus japonicus. Haarlem Loosjes. 66 pp + plates [in Dutch].","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.52037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"Ein Beitrag zur Kaumuskulatur der Amphibien. Untersuchungen an Cryptobranchus japonicus","volume":"105","author":"Schumacher G.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.220749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"115A","article-title":"Medium\u2010independent feeding in plethodontid salamander: tongue projection and prey capture under water","volume":"28","author":"Schwenk K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Zoologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558\u20105646.1985.tb04081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12542-019-00499-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Research on Andrias japonicus X (feeding ecology part 1)","volume":"12","author":"Tochimoto T.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hygobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Research on Andrias japonicus XII (feeding ecology part 3: reports of 4 cases)","volume":"13","author":"Tochimoto T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hygobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2013.722151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602325103"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.14004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T03:40:57Z","timestamp":1713325257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.14004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.14004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.14004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}