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Current treatments to address wrist instability caused by a shortened or absent radius frequently require an initial soft tissue distraction intervention followed by a wrist stabilisation procedure. Following these surgical interventions, however, recurrence of the wrist deviation remains a common, long\u2010term problem following treatment. The impact of the abnormal soft connective tissue (muscle and tendon) anatomy on the clinical presentation of RD and the complications following surgery are not understood. To address this, we have examined the muscle, fascia and the fascial irregular connective tissue (ICT) fibroblasts found within soft connective tissues, from RD patients. We show that ICT fibroblasts isolated from RD patients are functionally abnormal when compared to the same cells isolated from control patients and secrete a relatively disordered extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, we show that ICT fibroblast dysfunction is a unifying feature found in RD patients, even when the RD clinical presentation is caused by distinct genetic syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T07:58:38Z","timestamp":1713254318000},"page":"217-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigating the role connective tissue fibroblasts play in the altered muscle anatomy associated with the limb abnormality, Radial Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"George R. 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