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There remains a paucity of information on how this is accomplished along the frequency range in the human cochlea. Most of the current knowledge is derived either from animal experiments or human tissue processed after death, offering limited structural preservation and optical resolution. In our study, we analyzed the cytoarchitecture of the human cochlear partition at different frequency locations using high\u2010resolution microscopy of uniquely preserved normal human tissue. The results may have clinical implications and increase our understanding of how frequency\u2010dependent acoustic vibrations are carried to human IHCs. A 1\u2010micron\u2010thick plastic\u2010embedded section (mid\u2010modiolar) from a normal human cochlea uniquely preserved at lateral skull base surgery was analyzed using light and transmission electron microscopy (LM, TEM). Frequency locations were estimated using synchrotron radiation phase\u2010contrast imaging (SR\u2010PCI). Archival human tissue prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and super\u2010resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR\u2010SIM) were also used and compared in this study. Microscopy demonstrated great variations in the dimension and architecture of the human cochlear partition along the frequency range. Pillar cell geometry was closely regulated and depended on the reticular lamina slope and tympanic lip angle. A type II collagen\u2010expressing lamina extended medially from the tympanic lip under the inner sulcus, here named \u201caccessory basilar membrane.\u201d It was linked to the tympanic lip and inner pillar foot, and it may contribute to the overall compliance of the cochlear partition. Based on the findings, we speculate on the remarkable microanatomic inflections and geometric relationships which relay different sound\u2010induced vibrations to the IHCs, including their relevance for the evolution of human speech reception and electric stimulation with auditory implants. The inner pillar transcellular microtubule\/actin system's role of directly converting vibration energy to the IHC cuticular plate and ciliary bundle is highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T03:06:00Z","timestamp":1712977560000},"page":"271-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Microanatomy of the human tunnel of Corti structures and cochlear partition\u2010tonotopic variations and transcellular signaling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"Dina","family":"Giese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5990-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Stax\u00e4ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rudbeck TEM Laboratory, BioVis Platform Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Hodik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rudbeck TEM Laboratory, BioVis Platform Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanif M.","family":"Ladak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneliese","family":"Schrott\u2010Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Medical University Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Glueckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Medical University Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5736-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helge","family":"Rask\u2010Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487209122689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1880-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488709124979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.50.001060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2022.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-023-00904-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90230-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq2773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatterjee P. 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