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Here, we describe an iguanodontian femur discovered in England that exhibits a large overgrowth of its lateral aspect, not previously recognized in any other similar remains. The specimen was scanned with micro\u2010computed tomography (microCT) and later sectioned in three sites of the overgrowth for histological analysis. The femur belongs to an early adult Iguanodontia indet., based on the presence of a woven parallel fibered complex in the outer cortex and three to four lines of arrested growth. Internal analysis of the dome\u2010like overgrowth suggests it can be diagnosed as a fracture callus. The injury might have negatively impacted upon the animal's locomotion as the trauma had occurred in the region above the knee, a crucial spot for hindlimb musculature. Finally, a cancellous medullary bone\u2010like tissue was recognized in the medullary cavity next to the pathological overgrowth. An attempt was made to determine the precise nature of this tissue, as medullary bone is linked with the ovulation period in (avian) dinosaurs, whereas other types of endosteal, medullary bone\u2010like tissue have previously been recognized in pathological bones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T07:05:06Z","timestamp":1715324706000},"page":"490-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Histological analysis and etiology of a pathological iguanodontian femur from England"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"245","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0917-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Bertozzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Operational Directorate Earth and History of Life Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Sociedade de 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