{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:34:10Z","timestamp":1747186450773,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12V8422N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12V8422N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The baubellum (<jats:italic>os clitoridis<\/jats:italic>) is a bone found in the clitoris of many female eutherian mammals and is homologous to the baculum in males. In contrast to the baculum, the baubellum has received very little attention regarding its morphological or interspecific diversity, or on hypotheses for its function. The presence of the baubellum in bears (Ursidae) has only been established and mentioned in the literature for the <jats:italic>Ursus<\/jats:italic> genus, and not for the other genera of bears. Moreover, no scaled photographs are available for baubella of this clade, and the sizes reported vary between sources. We hereby present and describe the baubellum of a spectacled bear (<jats:italic>Tremarctos ornatus<\/jats:italic>), providing a detailed account of baubella in a basal ursid species. The baubellum of <jats:italic>Tremarctos<\/jats:italic> is slightly bowed dorsally, with two small prominences at the distal apex. The length of the <jats:italic>Tremarctos<\/jats:italic> baubellum in this study is comparable to that of <jats:italic>Ursus americanus<\/jats:italic> (American black bear). We infer the specific shape, with longitudinal ridges, of the baubellum in <jats:italic>Tremarctos<\/jats:italic> could indicate a discrete function during copulation or sexual arousal. However, future studies, especially regarding the associated soft tissues, will be required to confirm whether this is indeed the case. Our study expands the understanding of baubella within Ursidae, providing new data (including a three\u2010dimensional model) that can be used to further explore the morphological diversity and function of this enigmatic extra\u2010skeletal bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T01:58:46Z","timestamp":1717552726000},"page":"658-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First description of the baubellum in the spectacled bear <i>Tremarctos ornatus<\/i> (Mammalia: Ursidae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"245","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4995-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"De\u00a0Ridder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Comparative Perinatal Development University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Functional Morphology Laboratory University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Goossenaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Comparative Perinatal Development University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Spruyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Conservation Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Van\u00a0Ginneken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Comparative Perinatal Development University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Aerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Functional Morphology Laboratory University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Movement and Sports Sciences University of Ghent  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4177-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie A.","family":"MacLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Functional Morphology Laboratory University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Geology, Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Laboratory Universit\u00e9 de Liege  Liege Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1378743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.1883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icac115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Burt W.H.(1960)Bacula of north American mammals miscellaneous publications museum of zoology University of Michigan. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University Of Michigan."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1379576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3671206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119179313.wbprim0214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119179313.wbprim0215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1381646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Contribution to knowledge of the variability of the penis bone (Baculum) in the Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus) from Slovakia","volume":"44","author":"Csan\u00e1dy A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lynx"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"De Ridder T.(2023)Spectacled bear (Tremactos ornatus) baubellum 3D model and CT scan images; Morphosource.https:\/\/www.morphosource.org\/projects\/000586761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.409982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Fay F.H.(1955)The pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens): spatial ecology life history and population. (PhD dissertation). University of British Columbia."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3996\/nafa.74.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"The effect of neonatal treatment of male mice with antiandrogens and of females with androgens on the development of the os penis and os clitoridis","volume":"121","author":"Glucksmann A.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.3.610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1375090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(200004)244:1<69::AID-JMOR7>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"volume-title":"Veterinary anatomy of domestic animals","year":"2020","author":"K\u00f6nig H.E.","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2907.2002.00112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1376017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1375960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icac012"},{"volume-title":"On the anatomy of vertebrates","year":"1868","author":"Owen R.","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1381091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icac026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"Post L.(2018)Bone builder's notebook."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Notes on the black bear, Ursus americanus Pallas, in Alaska, with particular reference to dentition and growth","volume":"26","author":"Rausch R.L.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fiir Saugetierkunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icw034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12042096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90787-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1382752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2004.02.015"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.14070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T06:09:19Z","timestamp":1727330959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.14070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.14070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.14070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8782"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-7580"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}