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It is renowned for its rich diversity of both terrestrial and marine vertebrate fossils. Several carnivorans have been identified from this site, amongst which is the recently described jackal\u2010like canid, <jats:italic>Eucyon khoikhoi<\/jats:italic>. One of the skeletons assigned to <jats:italic>E. khoikhoi<\/jats:italic> exhibits anatomical deformities on several bones of the skeleton. Here, we use multiple methodologies (anatomical descriptions, CT scanning and histology) to investigate the bony overgrowths or exostoses evident in the radius, and we compare these findings with those of a radius from a healthy individual of the same species from Langebaanweg. Our results show that anatomical observations are important for first level observation of the pathology, but that micro\u2010CT scanning permits a more precise assessment of how the pathology affected the internal organization of the bone, both periosteally and endosteally. This methodology permitted us to diagnose the tumors as benign rather than cancerous. Our observations of calcified cartilage in the histological thin sections in the region of the exostosis allowed us to further diagnose the exostosis as an osteochondroma. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of applying multiple techniques to characterize and diagnose pathological bony growths in a fossil canivoran. We have also demonstrated the usefulness of histological studies in permitting a more refined diagnosis of the exostosis as an osteochondroma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:27:35Z","timestamp":1725496055000},"page":"856-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiple exostoses and an osteochondroma in a Pliocene canid from Langebaanweg \u2018E\u2019 Quarry (South Africa)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"247","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anusuya","family":"Chinsamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Valenciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geodin\u00e1mica, Estratigraf\u00eda y Paleontolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Geol\u00f3gicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Research and Exhibition Iziko Museums  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in a dog","volume":"129","author":"Banks W.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201092818\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Systematics and paleoecology of the earliest Pliocene equid, Eurygnathohippus hooijeri n. sp. from Langebaanweg, South Africa","volume":"103","author":"Bernor R.L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Ortner's identification of pathological conditions in human skeletal remains","author":"Buikstra J.E.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201093547\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Preparation of fossil bone for histological study","volume":"29","author":"Chinsamy A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Palaeontologia Africana"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801881206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2012.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Case report. 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