{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:54:12Z","timestamp":1791219252861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP160101728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP160101728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although monotremes diverged from the therian mammal lineage approximately 187\u2009million years ago, they retain various plesiomorphic and\/or reptilian\u2010like anatomical and physiological characteristics. This study examined the morphology of juvenile and adult female reproductive tracts across various stages of the presumptive oestrous cycle, collected opportunistically from cadaver specimens submitted to wildlife hospitals during the breeding season. In adult females, ovaries had a convoluted cortex with follicles protruding from the ovarian surface. While protruding antral follicles were absent from the ovaries of juvenile echidnas, histological analysis identified early developing primordial and primary follicles embedded into the ovarian cortex. The infundibulum epithelial cells of the oviducts were secretory during the follicular phase but not at other stages, the ampulla region was secretory at all stages and is likely responsible for the mucoid layer deposited around the zona pellucida, and the isthmus region of the oviduct appeared to be responsible for initial deposition of the shell coat, as in marsupials. Female echidnas have two separate uteri, which never merge and enter separately into the urogenital sinus (UGS). This study confirmed that both uteri are functional and increase in glandular activity during the luteal phase. In the juvenile uteri, the endometrium was immature with minimal, small uterine glands. A muscular cervical region at the caudal extremity of each uterus, just before the cranial region of the UGS was defined by the absence of glandular tissue in all female echidnas, including the juveniles. There was no evidence of a definitive vaginal region. A clitoris was also detected that possessed a less developed but similar structural (homologous) anatomy to the male penis; urethral ducts while present did not appear to be patent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T18:29:16Z","timestamp":1727375356000},"page":"120-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Observations on the reproductive morphology of the female short\u2010beaked echidna, <i>Tachyglossus aculeatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"246","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8771-5196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane C.","family":"Fenelon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie B.","family":"Ferrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Environment, The University of Queensland  Gatton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment, The University of Queensland  Gatton Australia"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland  Gatton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn B.","family":"Renfree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"AllenNT(1982)A study of the hormonal control chemical constituents and functional significance of the paracloacal glands inTrichosurus vulpecula(including comparisons with other marsupials).).Perth Australia:University of Western Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643093041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Platypus and echidnas","author":"Beard L.A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-21-0110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-024-01559-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000515145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Mammals of New Guinea","author":"Flannery 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