{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T12:36:05Z","timestamp":1742646965832,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>When developing, the mandible presents great plasticity and contains condensed mesenchymal cells that develops into Meckel's cartilage, of which the anterior part forms the mandibular symphysis. Mandible human development studies focus on investigating whether the beginning of mandibular fusion in fetal period is related to symphysis ossification and the tensions imposed on it, considering that tongue movements, mouth opening, and closing can be seen in fetuses. This research analyses tissue modifications during human mandibular symphysis growth using light and scanning electron microscopy to relate them to its functional structure. The study sample consisted of 12 human fetuses distributed into two groups: Group I (GI) of 10\u201314\u2009weeks old and Group II (GII) of 20\u201324\u2009weeks old. Fragments of mandibular symphysis were removed <jats:italic>en bloc<\/jats:italic> together with the surrounding tissues to preserve the relation with adjacent structures. Decalcified specimens were prepared in semi\u2010serial coronal sections 5\u2010\u03bcm\u2010thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson\u055as trichrome, Verhoeff, and Sirius red for histological analysis with light microscopy. Collagen fibers Type I or III and elastic fibers were quantified by volume fraction (Vv). Coronal sections of the GI and GII symphyseal region were submitted to scanning electron microscopy. Comparison between groups used independent t\u2010test. Our study presents the different endochondral ossification stages in the anterior part of Meckel's cartilage in GI. Both groups showed abundantly vascularized mesenchymal tissue with intense cellular activity forming the mandibular symphysis, such as a source of new osteoblasts adjacent to the newly deposited bone matrix. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed an invasion of the bony trabecula in the transverse direction from the hemimandible, rectilinear in GI and sinuous in GII due to interdigitating bone process, promoting its ossification. In collagen Vv analysis was verified a prevalence of type I in GII and type III in GI, indicating a proportional relation between maturation and tissue arrangement. Functionally, the collagen and elastic fibers in the mandibular symphysis were arranged in a pantographic network, and the fibrillar interconnectivity clearly contributes to resilience capacity and efficiency of the force transfer. This study inferred the functional significance of the knowledge about the tissue composition of mandibular symphysis, and the importance of this tissue for surrounding structures. The mesenchymal tissue of mandibular symphysis participates in bone growth process, revealing an adaptation mechanism of mandibular symphysis in the fetal period investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T21:55:53Z","timestamp":1728770153000},"page":"222-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Light and scanning electron microscope characterization of mandibular symphysis tissue as a functional adaptation in the mandible development of human fetuses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"246","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Vieira Botelho","family":"Delpupo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP)  Santos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3301-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edson Aparecido","family":"Liberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josemberg","family":"da Silva Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Universidade Federal Do Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES)  Vit\u00f3ria Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4408-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP)  Santos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Embryology, Sexual Development","year":"2023","author":"Aatsha P.A.","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0103\u201064402006000300006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1349\u20100079(10)80041\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2018.1484916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20109969(94)00142\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107580.2010.01300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330690409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051590109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fibrocartilage","volume":"171","author":"Benjamin M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010020\u20100213\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/201502"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"The structure of the inferior maxilla, with special reference to the position of the inferior Dental Canal","volume":"29","author":"Fawcett E.","year":"1895","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy and Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107580.2009.01140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.11.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01002772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201085543\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021\u20108782.2004.00345.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096\u20108644(200008)112:4<517::AID\u2010AJPA7>3.0.CO;2\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008334"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Further observations on the ossification of the human lower jaw","volume":"44","author":"Low A.","year":"1909","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy and Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0001\u201037652003000400006"},{"volume-title":"The developing human: clinically oriented embryology","year":"2016","author":"Moore K.L.","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097\u20100177(2000)9999:9999<::AID\u2010DVDY1073>3.0.CO;2\u2010F"},{"volume-title":"Developmental stages in human embryos: including a revision of Streeter's Horizon's and a survey of the Carnegie collection","year":"1987","author":"O'Rahilly R.","key":"e_1_2_9_33_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01628309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201086257\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2015.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2022.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201062025\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20100185(199710)249:2<249::AID\u2010AR12>3.0.CO;2\u2010O"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276\u2010011\u20100787\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276\u2010018\u20102154\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420\u20109101.2012.02457.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439\u2010007\u20109421\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.220058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411000110010101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2018.12.013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.14155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T16:02:09Z","timestamp":1737043329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.14155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.14155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.14155","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8782"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-7580"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}