{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:26:12Z","timestamp":1790915172010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orofacial morphology in mammals plays a critical role in essential life functions such as feeding and communication, which are influenced by the shapes of these anatomical structures. Bats are known to exhibit highly diversified orofacial morphotypes within their clade, reflecting their varied diets and echolocation behaviors. The presence of bony discontinuities between the premaxilla and maxilla or among the premaxillae is a notable feature of bat orofacial morphology, observed in certain lineages. It is suggested that these unique orofacial morphotypes, not generally found in other mammals, have evolved in relation to dietary adaptations rather than merely for echolocation mode. Until now, the developmental background of the bony discontinuities in the bat orofacial complex has been insufficiently investigated. Here, we present a comparative study of the chondrocranium and epithelial organs in the orofacial complex of three bat species: <jats:italic>Cynopterus sphinx<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rhinolophus malayanus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Vespertilio sinensis<\/jats:italic>. Our observations indicate that the preceding morphogenesis of orofacial cartilage and epithelial structures is remarkably different among these three species. In <jats:italic>C. sphinx<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>V. sinensis<\/jats:italic>, the region forming from the regression of the palatine process of the premaxilla was filled with orofacial cartilage and epithelial structures. We also found that the clefted morphology observed in <jats:italic>R. malayanus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>V. sinensis<\/jats:italic> was formed via contrastingly divergent developmental processes. Midline clefts among Yangochiroptera have been previously categorized to represent a uniform morphotype, but our study highlights that attributing midline clefts into a singular category should be revisited, advocating for a nuanced categorization of cleft morphology based on their morphogenetic patterns. Further research on the bat orofacial complex may enhance our understanding of bat evolutionary diversification and offer insights into the developmental mechanisms of human cleft palate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T21:25:02Z","timestamp":1733261102000},"page":"331-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The development of orofacial complex in bats: Implications for orofacial clefting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"246","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1965-9331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumiya","family":"Meguro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1324-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Higashiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2679-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"Pommery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences The Australian National University  Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3779-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A. B.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences The Australian National University  Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales  Kensington New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"ARC Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing, Research School of Physics The Australian National University  Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5915-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vuong Tan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology  Hanoi Vietnam"},{"name":"Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9984-3467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taro","family":"Nojiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5449-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dai","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo Fuji Iyashinomori Woodland Study Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo  Yamanakako Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4087-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Koyabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki 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