{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:33:47Z","timestamp":1791380027211,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGF\\\\EA\\\\201037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGF\\\\EA\\\\201037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UF160216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UF160216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["URF\\\\R\\\\221010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["URF\\\\R\\\\221010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG 2021\u20102022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG 2021\u20102022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\\\\X014010\\\\1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\\\\X014010\\\\1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Argochampsa krebsi<\/jats:italic> is a gavialoid crocodylian from the early Paleogene of North Africa. Based on its recovered phylogenetic relationship with South American species, it has been inferred to have been capable of transoceanic dispersal, but potential anatomical correlates for a marine lifestyle have yet to be identified. Based on CT scans of a mostly complete and well\u2010preserved skull, we reconstruct the endocranial anatomy of <jats:italic>Argochampsa<\/jats:italic> and compare it to that of other gavialoids. We demonstrate that <jats:italic>Argochampsa<\/jats:italic> possesses concave depressions on the internal surface of the prefrontals and lacrimals, which have been inferred to represent osteological correlates for salt glands in unequivocally marine metriorhynchoid thalattosuchian crocodyliforms. The presence of these salt glands suggests that <jats:italic>Argochampsa<\/jats:italic> likely frequented pelagic environments and provides additional support for the capability of transoceanic dispersal within Gavialoidea. We also newly interpret osteological correlates for salt glands in the Miocene north African gavialoid <jats:italic>Sutekhsuchus dowsoni<\/jats:italic>, providing further support that saltwater tolerance was widespread and possibly ancestral in Gavialoidea, given that they have been previously reported in the Late Cretaceous\u2013early Paleogene species <jats:italic>Eosuchus lerichei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Portugalosuchus azenhae<\/jats:italic>. In addition to these gavialoids, as well as metriorhynchids, we also identify these osteological salt gland correlates in the Paleocene northwest African dyrosaurid <jats:italic>Rhabdognathus aslerensis<\/jats:italic>, which represents another crocodyliform lineage thought to be capable of transoceanic dispersal. Given that dyrosaurids, gavialoids, and metriorhynchoids are distantly related lineages, the evolution of salt glands is likely a convergent ecological adaptation to the occupation of pelagic environments. Nevertheless, we demonstrate limited evaluation of the presence of these osteological correlates across Crocodyliformes, including within most extant species, such that it remains possible that they are much more widespread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T02:04:15Z","timestamp":1736993055000},"page":"974-986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the endocranial anatomy of the early Paleogene north African gavialoid crocodylian <i>Argochampsa krebsi<\/i> and evolutionary implications for adaptation to salinity tolerance in marine crocodyliforms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"246","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5845-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carly C.","family":"Pligersdorffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University College London  London UK"},{"name":"School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0328-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M. J.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip D.","family":"Mannion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"Note pr\u00e9liminaire sur les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s fossiles des phosphates du Maroc","volume":"5","author":"Arambourg C.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de France"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s fossiles des gisements de phosphates (Maroc\u2010Alg\u00e9rie\u2010Tunisie)","volume":"92","author":"Arambourg C.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Notes et M\u00e9moires du Service G\u00e9ologique du Maroc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2004)024[0610:ANLCGC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0022-3360(2006)080[0162:OAPSOE]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2007.00679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"\u00dcber die fossilen Gaviale der Lias\u2010Formation und der Oolithe","volume":"8","author":"Bronn H.G.","year":"1841","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Naturgeschichte"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6995(82)80107-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25569","article-title":"Endocranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of the crocodylian Eosuchus lerichei from the late Paleocene of northwestern Europe and potential adaptations for transoceanic dispersal in gavialoids","volume":"308","author":"Burke P.M.J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Anatomical Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13846"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2024.2384548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Collot L.(1905)Reptile jurassique (Teleidosaurus gaudryi) trouv\u00e9 \u00e0 St\u2010Seine\u2010l'Abbaye (C\u00f4te d'Or).M\u00e9moire de l'Acad\u00e9mie Scientifique des Arts et Belles\u2010Lettres 10 41\u201345."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlac027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"565","article-title":"Anatomy and phylogeny of the gavialoid crocodylian Eosuchus lerichei from the Paleocene of Europe","volume":"50","author":"Delfino M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Les reptiles de l'Eocene Inf\u00e9rieur de la Belgique et des r\u00e9gions voisines","volume":"21","author":"Dollo L.","year":"1907","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Belge de G\u00e9ologie, de Pal\u00e9ontologie et d'Hydrologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1969.216.4.995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002411600750053835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/039.029.0323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pab.2024.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude des vert\u00e9br\u00e9s mioc\u00e8nes de L'Egypte","author":"Fourtau R.","year":"1920"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Un nuevo crocodilo marino (Thalattosuchia, Metriorhynchidae) de la Formaci\u00f3n Vaca Muerta (Jurasico, Tithoniano) de la Provincia de Neuqu\u00e9n (Rep\u00fablica Argentina)","volume":"1","author":"Gasparini Z.B.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Congreso Geol\u00f3gico Chileno"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","article-title":"Caroli a Linne \u2026 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, speciescum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis","volume":"1","author":"Gmelin J.F.","year":"1789","journal-title":"Locis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486300679"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.230725"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Second bibliography and catalogue of the fossil vertebrata of North America","volume":"390","author":"Hay O.P.","year":"1930","journal-title":"JSTOR. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/let.12011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia, 9: neurology a","author":"Hopson J.A.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/1104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1875.031.01-04.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Maroccosuchus zennaroi, crocodilien eusuchien nouveau des phosphates du Maroc","volume":"38","author":"Jonet S.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Notes et M\u00e9moires du Service G\u00e9ologique du Maroc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0022-3360(2007)81[163:TROTDA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zoj.12357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2008)28[409:TOACPP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2014.913078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geobios.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2013.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zly064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2020.1855603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaa074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Phylogenetic position of the crocodylian Megadontosuchus arduini and tomistomine palaeobiogeography","volume":"52","author":"Piras P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91717-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2018.1495275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.0380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002146117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spp2.1296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","volume-title":"Crocodiles. Status survey and conservation action plan","author":"Shaney K.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Crocodiles. Status survey and conservation action plan","author":"Stevenson C.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/29.3.885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.0455"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"New Dakosaurus (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) from the upper Jurassic of Argentina","volume":"322","author":"Vignaud P.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus de l'Acad\u00e9mie Des Sciences de Paris, Series II"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36795-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlad165"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.14213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T12:24:44Z","timestamp":1747311884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.14213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.14213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.14213","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}