{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:36:00Z","timestamp":1791686160812,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004497","name":"Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C24\/18\/103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C24\/18\/103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1188923N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1188923N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0B4619N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0B4619N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G084523N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G084523N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TAMTA\u2010T005416N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TAMTA\u2010T005416N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007423","name":"Duchenne Parent Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17.011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17.011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Muscle size and muscle strength gradually increase during childhood to meet the demands of a growing body. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to establish anthropometric\u2010related percentile curves for muscle size and strength in a cohort of typically developing (TD) children. Lower limb muscle size and strength were assessed in a large cross\u2010sectional cohort of TD children with 3D freehand ultrasound (four muscles,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009153 children with in total 156 measurements, male\/female\u2009=\u200985\/71, age range: 0.6\u201317.8\u2009years) and fixed dynamometry (seven muscle groups,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009153 children, male\/female\u2009=\u2009108\/45, age range: 4.5\u201316.1\u2009years), respectively. Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape were used to estimate anthropometric\u2010related, that is, body mass and height, TD percentile curves, and to convert absolute outcomes into unit\u2010less\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010scores. The results showed that both muscle size and strength, as well as their inter\u2010subject variation, increased with increasing anthropometric values. The mean\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010score of the TD children was approximately 0\u2009\u00b1\u20091 standard deviation (with the largest range from minimum to maximum of approximately \u22123 to 3) for all investigated muscle outcomes, confirming the fit of the percentile curves to the TD data. The use of the percentile curves was demonstrated through applications in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The individual patients with CP and DMD exhibited negative\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010scores, indicating muscle size and strength deficits in reference to TD peers. The established anthropometric\u2010related percentile curves for muscle size and strength in a cohort of TD children allow for muscle outcomes to be expressed as unit\u2010less\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010scores, independent of body size, and relative to TD peers. This approach facilitates the interpretation of muscle size and strength outcomes, enabling the detection of abnormalities or deficits, monitoring of progression, and evaluation of treatment and intervention effectiveness in TD children, as well as in children with genetic, chronic neurological, or muscular disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T02:00:47Z","timestamp":1742263247000},"page":"348-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anthropometric\u2010related percentile curves for muscle size and strength of lower limb muscles of typically developing children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"247","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6023-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Vandekerckhove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0406-6050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Hanssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0380-9174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicky","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3559-6281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tijl","family":"Dewit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory University Hospital Leuven  Pellenberg Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7800-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"De Beukelaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3121-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marleen","family":"Van den Hauwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Child Neurology University Hospital Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7126-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"De Waele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Neurology University Hospital Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8158-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Van Campenhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics University Hospital Leuven  Leuven 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Hanssen B.&Desloovere K.(2024)Lower limb muscle size and strength outcomes of a cohort of typically developing children aged 0.5 to 18\u2009years. Available from:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48804\/J1EURS KU Leuven RDR V1."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.855222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JOA.13565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.3.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181e00c80"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.14241","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T04:16:36Z","timestamp":1752725796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.14241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.14241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.14241","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.03.27.24304866","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}