{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:10:35Z","timestamp":1791418235864,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Unlike mammals, reptiles typically lack large muscles and ligaments that connect the zygoma to the mandible. Dinosaur craniomandibular soft tissue reconstructions, often based on the rationale of extant phylogenetic bracketing, follow this general rule. However, descending flanges from the zygomata of hadrosaurs, heterodontosaurids, and psittacosaurids have been used to argue for a masseter\u2010like muscle in these dinosaur taxa. We examined dinosauriform skulls for osteological indicators of connective tissue entheses on the zygoma and mandible, and subsequently sectioned 10 specimens for histological evidence. Osteological indicators were found on the zygoma in most sampled dinosauriforms, which range from rugosities to large descending processes, and morphologically resemble known muscular and ligamentous entheses. Similarly, rugose features oriented towards the zygoma were found on the mandible in sampled dinosauriforms, many having previously been interpreted as entheses for the adductor mandibulae muscle group. Serial histological sectioning of ceratopsid, hadrosaurid, and tyrannosaurid jugal and surangular rugosities reveals an external cortex rich in collagen fibres, strongly resembling entheseal fibres. Jugal entheseal fibres are usually oriented ventrally towards the surangular, and in hadrosaurids and tyrannosaurids these are parallel to macroscopic striations on the surfaces of the jugal flange. Histological sections of extant chicken buccal regions show similar entheseal fibres in the attachments of the jugomandibular ligament on the jugal and of the adductor musculature on the mandible. We hypothesise a strong connective tissue structure bridging the zygoma and mandible in dinosaurs, termed the \u2018exoparia\u2019. This structure's size and proximity to the craniomandibular joint would be advantageous in stabilising the mandible relative to the cranium during jaw movement, particularly in dinosaurs thought to process their masticate. A ligamentous or muscular identity for the exoparia cannot be determined with the available data, but the size and shape of the zygomatic entheses in many dinosaurs are more consistent with a muscular attachment. Possible antecedents in non\u2010dinosauriform archosaurs and derivations in modern birds may exist, but the homology of the exoparia is currently unknown. These results highlight the complex soft tissue evolution of dinosaurs and caution against simplified phylogenetic model\u2010based approaches to tissue reconstruction that ignore contrasting osteological signals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.14242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T06:04:40Z","timestamp":1742709880000},"page":"790-818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Skull morphology and histology indicate the presence of an unexpected buccal soft tissue structure in dinosaurs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"247","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4757-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry S.","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010yin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Dudgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Natural History Royal Ontario Museum  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4962-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Amber","family":"Whitebone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeoscience Research Centre University of New England  Armidale New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colton C.","family":"Coppock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron D.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Natural History Royal Ontario Museum  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corwin","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2012.00098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2010.01278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Late cretaceous vertebrate from the Western interior","author":"Bakker R.","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","article-title":"A re\u2010evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution","volume":"63","author":"Baron M.G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life10050062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00470-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.669"},{"issue":"40","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"A juvenile coelophysoid skull from the early Jurassic of Zimbabwe, and the synonymy of Coelophysis and Syntarsus","volume":"40","author":"Bristowe A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Palaeontologia Africana"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Corythosaurus casuarius: skeleton, musculature and epidermis","volume":"35","author":"Brown B.","year":"1916","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1206\/770.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052060111"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"549","article-title":"Immature skulls of the theropod dinosaur Coelophysis bauri from ghost ranch, New Mexico","volume":"69","author":"Bugos J.E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.05.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2517\/1342-8144-14.4.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1206\/0003-0082(2002)364<0001:CAOCOT>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","article-title":"A saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Colbert E.H.","year":"1970","journal-title":"American Museum Novitates"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.2435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Reconstructing the musculature of dinosaurs","volume":"20","author":"Dilkes D.W.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Complete Dinosaur"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/A1097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlac102"},{"issue":"1828","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","article-title":"The oldest north American pachycephalosaurid and the hidden diversity of small\u2010bodied ornithischian dinosaurs","volume":"4","author":"Evans D.C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08912960600861467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2016.1078341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08912960600845767"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2021.1999251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","unstructured":"Galton P.M.(1969)The pelvic musculature of the dinosaurHypsilophodon(Reptilia: Ornithischia)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","volume-title":"Avian myology","author":"George J.C.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02161-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2016.1078343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlab039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2015.1029579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jva.2012.44882"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Ein neuer Dinosaurier (ornithischia, Thyreophora) aus dem unetren Jura des N\u00f6rdlichen Mitteleuropa","volume":"9","author":"Haubold H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Revue de Pal\u00e9obiologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1980.1.3.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02515-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlac089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30906\/1026-2296-1997-4-2-120-127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1062359016110066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2006.00200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00224320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/379032a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12686"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13874"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/SPE40-p1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","unstructured":"Madsen J.H.(1976)Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2014.904323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2013.875074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Pachycephalosauria, a new suborder of ornithischian dinosaur","volume":"26","author":"Marya\u0144ska T.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00522707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2020.0417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","volume-title":"Hadrosauroid jaw mechanics and the functional significance of the predentary bone","author":"Nabavizadeh A.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051830104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","volume-title":"The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades","author":"Nesbitt S.J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"On the anatomy of iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin\u2010Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique","volume":"56","author":"Norman D.B.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sciences de la Terre"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlz074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsames.2021.103341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1989.tb01348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18563\/journal.m3.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1206\/0003-0090-411.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12531"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Goyocephale lattimorei gen. Et sp. n., a new flat\u2010headed pachycephalosaur (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) from the upper cretaceous of Mongolia","volume":"27","author":"Perle A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2009.00591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Crocodilian pelvic muscles and their avian and reptilian homologues","volume":"48","author":"Romer A.S.","year":"1923","journal-title":"Bulletin of the AMNH"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051890310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1989.10011748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jva.2014.44742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2007)27[32:CAOMCT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","volume-title":"Osteology of Orodromeus makelai and the phylogeny of basal ornithopod dinosaurs","author":"Scheetz R.D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ode.2006.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.226.2840"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5264.986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2013.820113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1994.10011525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0691"},{"issue":"70","key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Notes on the structure and development of osseous tissue","volume":"2","author":"Sharpey W.","year":"1878","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","volume-title":"Quain's elements of anatomy","author":"Sharpey W.","year":"1867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03549786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.10.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/06059.1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomy and classification of the north American Pachycephalosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)","volume":"198","author":"Sues H.\u2010D.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Palaeontographica Abteilung A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2132"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_119_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Morphology of jaw ligaments and its role in the cranial kinesis of the domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)","volume":"27","author":"Venkatesan S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2006)26[1011:NIOTCA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24147-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1477201903001032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_126_1","volume-title":"Archaeopteryx: The Icon of Evolution","author":"Wellnhofer P.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1998.10011115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zoj.12420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_130_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The extant phylogenetic bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils","volume":"1","author":"Witmer L.M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_131_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Bolong yixianensis gen. Et sp. nov.: a new iguanodontoid dinosaur from the Yixian formation of western Liaoning, China","volume":"19","author":"Wu W.H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geology and Resources"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016663"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02627-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_135_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Patterns of diversity in the avian skull","volume":"2","author":"Zusi R.L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Skull"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_136_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"A new basal ornithurine bird (Jianchangornis microdonta gen. et sp. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China","volume":"47","author":"Zhou Z.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vertebrata PalAsiatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.00880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2012.714431"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.14242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T04:34:24Z","timestamp":1756528464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.14242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.14242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.14242","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}