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Some authors have suggested that the quadrate orientation reflects overall muscle anatomy and, by implication, JRF. Here, we quantitatively test the longstanding hypothesis that quadrate orientation is correlated with JRF orientation using the suchian lineage leading to extant crocodylia. The evolution of the characteristic crocodylian skull is a major transformation in vertebrate evolution in which the quadrate played a crucial role. We use detailed, three\u2010dimensional biomechanical modeling to estimate JRF in a sample of eleven fossil and extant suchians and compare these to the orientation of quadrates. We use the cross\u2010product of orientation vectors to quantify similarity in orientation and show that the angle of the quadrate in the sagittal plane is tightly coupled with JRF in the same. These results demonstrate a coordinated evolution between JRF and quadrate anatomy during suchian evolution and provide a framework with which to analyze evolutionary changes in joint anatomy and biomechanics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T08:20:38Z","timestamp":1753172438000},"page":"890-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quadrate orientation and joint reaction force underwent correlated evolution during suchian evolution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"248","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaleb C.","family":"Sellers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alec T.","family":"Wilken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corrine R.","family":"Cranor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey M.","family":"Holliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.0038"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Mechanobiology in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of articular cartilage","volume":"37","author":"Beaupr\u00e9 G.S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S009483730000600X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052020108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology","author":"Busbey A.B.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"A new protosuchian crocodile from the upper Triassic Elliot formation of South Africa","volume":"25","author":"Busbey A.B.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Palaeontologia Africana"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Clark J.M.(1986)Phylogenetic Relationships of the Crocodylomorph Archosaurs. 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