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Proper fusion of facial prominences and the coordinated growth of the skull and brain are essential for normal craniofacial development in vertebrates, including humans. Disruptions in these processes, whether due to gene mutations or external factors, can result in craniofacial malformations. In this study, we examined two pathological embryos of the brown anole,\n                    <jats:italic>Anolis sagrei<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Iguania: Anolidae), exhibiting notable craniofacial anomalies, including brachycephaly, mandibular prognathism, bilateral palatal clefts, and ocular defects. Comparative 3D reconstructions based on histological serial sections of malformed and normal embryos of similar developmental stages revealed instances of craniosynostosis, the absence of certain endocranial elements, skull shape abnormalities, and asymmetries. Furthermore, a wide range of postcranial anomalies was identified, including syndactyly, missing or shortened digits, and tail abnormalities. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first documented cases of non\u2010experimentally induced craniofacial malformations and limb syndactyly occurring within the same individuals in squamates and non\u2010avian reptiles in general. This rare combination was observed in both malformed embryos. Given the striking morphological resemblance to human craniofacial disorders, particularly Apert syndrome, we hypothesize the involvement of a shared genetic mechanism in mammals and sauropsids that may trace back over 320 million years. However, without molecular data, this remains speculative. Nonetheless, growing evidence suggests that non\u2010avian reptiles, particularly squamates, could be valuable models for studying human craniofacial disorders. While the adaptive significance of the malformations observed here remains uncertain, these cases may represent examples of \u201chopeful monsters,\u201d offering valuable insights into the evolutionary processes that have shaped the distinctive vertebrate morphology of clades such as chameleons. Notably, several traits observed in the malformed anole embryos\u2014including eyelid fusion, upper jaw shortening, syndactyly, and certain skeletal characteristics\u2014appear to reflect features reminiscent of the peculiar chameleon phenotype.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T04:41:57Z","timestamp":1757479317000},"page":"449-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human\u2010like malformations in anole lizards: Potential cases of \u201chopeful monsters\u201d resembling chameleon morphology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"248","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences 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