{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T06:05:43Z","timestamp":1780725943510,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Postosuchus kirkpatricki<\/jats:italic>\n                    was a large pseudosuchian archosaur from the Late Triassic period in North America. It is among several pseudosuchians proposed to have had derived aspects of locomotor function such as bipedalism or digitigrady, rather than plesiomorphic quadrupedalism or plantigrady, but disputes and inconsistencies about these propositions remain. These lingering disputes need resolution in order to formulate broader inferences about the evolution of bipedalism, limb posture, athleticism, and the end\u2010Triassic mass extinctions. Here, we use 3D musculoskeletal modelling to address the disputes via a deep critical review of available evidence via multiple methods. We conclude that it is uncertain if\n                    <jats:italic>Postosuchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. was quadrupedal or bipedal, plantigrade or digitigrade, due to conflicting evidence. Our analyses also reconstruct pelvic limb musculature that was relatively three times as massive as that in a similar\u2010sized Nile crocodile, whereas the caudofemoralis was smaller than expected due to the gracile tail of\n                    <jats:italic>Postosuchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Aspects of hindlimb myology and morphofunctional analyses of the hindlimb joints suggest a mix of traits that are plesiomorphic archosaurian, derived \u201crauisuchian\u201d and singular for\n                    <jats:italic>Postosuchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our extensive modelling procedure and synthesis of current evidence forms a foundation for future studies such as predictive simulations or ichnological evidence of locomotor function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.70189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:55:34Z","timestamp":1780725334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional morphology and biomechanics of the locomotor apparatus in the large Late Triassic carnivore\n                    <i>Postosuchus kirkpatricki<\/i>\n                    (Archosauria: Rauisuchidae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Structure &amp; Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Faughey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structure &amp; Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Humpage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Rogue Studios  Inverness UK"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structure &amp; Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"},{"name":"Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4876-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver E.","family":"Demuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structure &amp; Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"},{"name":"Clare College University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2438-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Pintore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structure &amp; Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"},{"name":"M\u00e9canismes adaptatifs et \u00e9volution (UMR 7179 \u2010 MECADEV), Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, CNRS, CP 55  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, (UMR 7193 \u2010 ISTEP), Campus Pierre et Marie Curie  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, (UMR 7154 \u2010 IPGP)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Clarac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structure &amp; Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Pal\u00e9ontologie \u2013 Paris (CR2P), Mus\u00e9um national d\u2019Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, CP 38  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7447","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12059","article-title":"Linking the 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