{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:49:23Z","timestamp":1785905363979,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The history of anatomical dissection in nineteenth\u2010century Britain has largely been reconstructed from archival sources, including legislation, institutional records and medical writings. Archaeological evidence for the material practices of anatomy schools, however, remains comparatively limited. In 2010, redevelopment within the main quadrangle of University College London (UCL) revealed a substantial assemblage of human and animal skeletal remains associated with the institution's early anatomy school. Excavation recovered more than 8700 human skeletal fragments and over 800 animal bones, together with artefacts dating to the late nineteenth century. Osteological analysis indicates a minimum of 38 individuals, predominantly adults aged 30\u201350\u2009years, with an overall male:female ratio of approximately 2:1. Only a small proportion of bones exhibited cut marks consistent with dissection, suggesting that the assemblage partly represents the discard of a curated teaching collection rather than solely the residue of routine student dissection. The associated animal remains, dominated by domesticated taxa including cattle, sheep\/goat and horse, indicate that comparative anatomy formed an integral component of the same pedagogical environment. Considered in the context of the Anatomy Act of 1832 and the expansion of metropolitan medical education, the assemblage provides rare material evidence for the procurement, pedagogical use, preparation, curation and eventual disposal of both human and animal anatomical material at one of Britain's earliest secular medical schools. The quadrangle assemblage therefore offers a rare opportunity to reflect on the everyday practice of anatomy and the complex relationship between medical education, comparative anatomy, society and the bodies of the nineteenth\u2010century poor in London.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:22:43Z","timestamp":1785903763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human dissection and comparative anatomy: Archaeological evidence for nineteenth\u2010century anatomical practice at University College London"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Birch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Kausmally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeology, University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Outline of Orthopaedics","author":"Adams J.C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology","author":"Aufderheide A.C.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Historic England Handbooks for Archaeology","author":"Baker P.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Student London: a new history of higher education in the capital","author":"Brewis G.","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"The bioarchaeology of metabolic bone disease","author":"Brickley M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains","author":"Buikstra J.E.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Anatomical dissection in enlightenment England and beyond: autopsy, pathology and display","author":"Chamberlain A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"A new method for identifying and differentiating human dissection and autopsy in archaeological human skeletal remains","volume":"3","author":"Dittmar J.M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12515","article-title":"From cradle to grave via the dissection room: the role of foetal and infant bodies in anatomical education from the late 1700s to early 1900s","volume":"229","author":"Dittmar J.M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Equality after death: the dissection of the female body for anatomical education in nineteenth\u2010century England","volume":"2","author":"Dittmar J.M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioarchaeology International"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Fowler L.&Powers N.(2012)Doctors dissection and resurrection men: excavations in the 19th\u2010century burial ground of the London hospital 2006. 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