{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:45:14Z","timestamp":1791783914419,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021778","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n de la Investigaci\u00f3n, el Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico y la Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2021\u20100297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2021\u20100297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Developmental anomalies provide a powerful window into the rules and constraints shaping morphological evolution. Here, we use anatomical network analysis to investigate how congenital perturbations affect the structural organization of anuran limbs. We analyzed a specimen of\n                    <jats:italic>Leptodactylus bufonius<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibiting bilateral brachydactyly in both fore\u2010 and hindlimbs and unilateral polyphalangy, and compared its limb networks to those of a typical conspecific. Developmental perturbations resulted in structural reorganization, including reduced node and link number and increased graph density. At the node level, betweenness centrality markedly declined in stylopodial and zeugopodial elements, disrupting the characteristic proximodistal hub\u2013periphery organization of the limb. This shift reflects a loss of proximodistal polarization associated with distal reduction. Modular organization was robust to these perturbations: module number remained unchanged in the forelimbs and in the left hindlimb, and decreased in the right hindlimb, which exhibited the most extensive morphological reduction. Although module membership showed subtle changes, the overall number and composition of modules remained broadly conserved across reference and anomalous limbs. Thus, despite substantial anatomical perturbation, modular organization was largely maintained, with marked reorganization occurring only in the most severely affected limb. The anomalous morphology studied here demonstrates that developmental systems can accommodate profound modifications while maintaining organismal viability. Our study engages with the broader community discussion on modularity and the methodological frameworks used to investigate it. More broadly, this study highlights how anatomical network approaches can contribute to evo\u2010devo research by quantifying how developmental disruptions reshape the organization of complex morphological systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:56:58Z","timestamp":1791781018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental perturbations and the robustness of limb modularity: Insights from anuran anatomical networks"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2376-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica C.","family":"Soliz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Salta  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5842-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Fontanarrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT) \u2013 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT)  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-5011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Abdala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT) \u2013 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT)  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/20.4.653","article-title":"Ontogenesis and morphological diversification","volume":"20","author":"Alberch P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"American Zoologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45532-2_15","volume-title":"Evolution and development","author":"Alberch P.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016\u20106995(89)80006\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb04076.x","article-title":"A developmental analysis of an evolutionary trend: digital reduction in amphibians","volume":"39","author":"Alberch P.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1655\/05-41.1","article-title":"Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Paran\u00e1 state, southern Brazil","volume":"62","author":"Alves A.C.R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Network science","author":"Barab\u00e1si A.\u2010L.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/00222939408677709","article-title":"List of reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. J. 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