{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:30:36Z","timestamp":1775737836347,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The required time for hair removal by chemical depilatories has always been a concern and depends on different parameters including permeation into the hair shaft.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an attempt to improve this process, it was decided here to investigate the possibility of decreasing depilation time of thioglycolates, widely used depilatories, using penetration enhancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dimethylsulfoxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMSO<\/jats:styled-content>), ethanol (75 and 96%), NaCl, and peppermint and orange oils were used as penetration enhancers, and their effect on depilatory time of thioglycolates, represented as tear resistance time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRT<\/jats:styled-content>) of hair shaft under a constant tensile stress, was studied. The effects of temperature and hydration on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRT<\/jats:styled-content> were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results showed that ethanol (75%), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMSO<\/jats:styled-content>, and peppermint oil (ethanolic solution) were able to significantly reduce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRT<\/jats:styled-content> up to two times from about 6 to 3.5\u00a0min. Other enhancers were not able to change <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRT<\/jats:styled-content>. Results also revealed that increase in temperature from 20 to 37\u00a0\u00b0C reduces <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRT<\/jats:styled-content> by about 4 times. Hydration in boiling water also reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRT<\/jats:styled-content> significantly about 1.5 times.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Present results show that it is possible to reduce depilation time by penetration enhancers. Such improvement can increase users' compliance and might provide other advantages like decreased skin irritation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T09:45:33Z","timestamp":1361871933000},"page":"41-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of essential oils, hydrating agents, and ethanol on hair removal efficiency of thioglycolates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hamid R","family":"Moghimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bardia","family":"Jamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Farahmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijan","family":"Shafaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Cosmetics Science and Technology","author":"Barry RH","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Poucher's Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps","author":"Abamba G","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Cosmetics and Toiletries Development, Production and Use","author":"Kohler J","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Single\u2010fiber stress decay studies of hair reduction depilation","volume":"37","author":"Wickett RR","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"367","article-title":"Use of laboratory model to evaluate the factors influencing the performance of depilatories","volume":"25","author":"Elliot TJ","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00443-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Harry's Cosmeticology","author":"Wilkinson JB","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"TapperR.Hair Removal System. US Patent 6 094 594. Los Angeles;2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"GuardiaM.Depilatory formulation. US Patent 3 981 681. Carson Products Co;1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Depilatory Compositions, their Preparation and Use","author":"Guillaume B","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1066","volume-title":"Dermatotoxicology","author":"Mojtahedi S","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Use of Thioredoxin, Thioredoxin\u2010Derived, or Thioredoxin\u2010Like Dithiol Peptides in Hair Care Preparations","author":"Pigiet VP","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Cosmetic Depilatory Compositions Comprising a Continuous Aqueous Phase and an Oil Phase","author":"Desmots S","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.1096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1219-9_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(94)00321-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015879925147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(94)00312-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600751115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(92)90032-W"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjocd.12004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjocd.12004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.12004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T05:00:37Z","timestamp":1698642037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.12004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.12004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.12004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]}}}