{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T15:27:21Z","timestamp":1776266841195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Recently, much interest has been generated in the use of intense pulsed light (IPL<\/jats:styled-content>) sources in the treatment of various skin conditions. However, the underlying mechanism for its therapeutic action has not been elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To investigate the effect of IPL<\/jats:styled-content> on the in vivo<\/jats:italic> expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21) and on the immunolocalization of S<\/jats:styled-content>mad3 in biopsies obtained from perilesional skin in patients with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Biopsies obtained from 20 patients with inflammatory acne vulgaris at baseline (B<\/jats:styled-content>1) and post\u2010IPL<\/jats:styled-content> treatment (B<\/jats:styled-content>2\u00a0=\u00a048\u00a0h after first treatment and B<\/jats:styled-content>3\u00a0=\u00a01\u00a0week after final treatment) were immunohistochemically analyzed to determine the expression of TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 and the immunolocalization of S<\/jats:styled-content>mad3. Digital images were semiquantitatively assessed using image analysis software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Intense pulsed light elicited a consistent increase in epidermal TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 expression (B<\/jats:styled-content>2 vs<\/jats:italic>. B<\/jats:styled-content>1: P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.004 and B<\/jats:styled-content>3 vs<\/jats:italic>. B<\/jats:styled-content>1: P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.007). Furthermore, it resulted in enhanced nuclear immunolocalization of S<\/jats:styled-content>mad3 (B<\/jats:styled-content>2 vs<\/jats:italic>. B<\/jats:styled-content>1: epidermis, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.000055 and dermis, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.014; B<\/jats:styled-content>3 vs<\/jats:italic>. B<\/jats:styled-content>1: epidermis, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.00024 and dermis, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.008).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Intense pulsed light upregulates TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21\/S<\/jats:styled-content>mad3 signaling in perilesional skin obtained from patients with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. Further experiments on lesional skin and downstream effects are warranted to determine whether it may play a role in IPL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced resolution of acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T04:41:59Z","timestamp":1378096919000},"page":"195-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Intense pulsed light enhances transforming growth factor beta1\/S<\/scp>mad3 signaling in acne\u2010prone skin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Musheera M","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca M","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff 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