{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:17:28Z","timestamp":1792657048919,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>) radiations causes important oxidative damages that result in clinical and hystopathological changes, contributing to premature skin aging. Hyperpigmented lesions, also known as age spots, are one of the most visible alterations in skin photoaging. Skin is naturally equipped with antioxidant systems against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content> generation; however, these antioxidant defenses are not completely efficient during exposure to sunlight. Oral antioxidants are able to counteract the harmful effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> radiation and to strengthen the physiological skin antioxidant defenses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study was performed to evaluate the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> skin photo\u2010protecting and anti\u2010aging effects of a red orange (Citrus sinensis varieties Moro, Tarocco and Sanguinello) extract supplementation. Previous studies showed that red orange extracts possess strong <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> free radical scavenging\/antioxidant activity and photo\u2010protective effects on human skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The photo\u2010protective effects of red orange extract intake against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced skin erythema and melanin production in solar lentigo was evaluated on healthy volunteers by an objective instrumental method (reflectance spectrophotometry).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data obtained from <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies showed that supplementation of red orange extract (100\u00a0mg\/daily) for 15\u00a0days brought a significant reduction in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced skin erythema degree. Moreover, skin age spots pigmentation (melanin content) decreased from 27% to 7% when subjects were exposed to solar lamp during red orange extract supplementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Red orange extract intake can strengthen physiological antioxidant skin defenses, protecting skin from the damaging processes involved in photo\u2010aging and leading to an improvement in skin appearance and pigmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T10:30:00Z","timestamp":1402309800000},"page":"151-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Protective effect of red orange extract supplementation against <scp>UV<\/scp>\u2010induced skin damages: photoaging and solar lentigines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Puglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Offerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Saija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Farmaco\u2010Biologico University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Trombetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Farmaco\u2010Biologico University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cardile","family":"Venera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio\u2010medical Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2003.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6649rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Sunscreening agents. 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