{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:24:22Z","timestamp":1792787062615,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vice Chancellor for Research of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","award":["910183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["910183"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Melasma is one of the most common cosmetic disorders with skin darkening. Although several treatment modalities are available, none is satisfactorily used in management of this condition. Tranexamic acid (\n TA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), a plasmin inhibitor, is reported to improve melasma when injected locally or used as oral and topical forms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to compare therapeutic effects of liposomal tranexamic acid and conventional hydroquinone on melasma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty women with bilateral melasma were enrolled in a split\u2010face trial lasting 12\u00a0weeks. Patients blindly applied 5% topical liposomal\n TA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 4% hydroquinone cream, to the designated sides of the face twice daily in addition to the assigned sunscreen in the morning. Skin pigmentation was measured using\n MASI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (Melasma Area and Severity Index) at each visit separately for each side at the base line and every month until one month after treatment course. Data were obtained from patients file and were analyzed statistically using\n SPSS<\/jats:styled-content>\n software, paired samples\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test, and repeated measured\n ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\u2010three patients completed the study. The mean\n MASI<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores significantly reduced in both treated sides (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a0\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.001) after 12\u00a0week. A greater decrease was observed with 5% liposomal\n TA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , although this difference was not statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Irritation occurred in three patients with hydroquinone, while no serious adverse events occurred with\n TA<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n On the basis of these results, topical liposomal\n TA<\/jats:styled-content>\n can be used as a new, effective, safe, and promising therapeutic agent in melasma.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T12:04:45Z","timestamp":1436875485000},"page":"174-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Comparison of therapeutic effects of liposomal Tranexamic Acid and conventional Hydroquinone on melasma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Banihashemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naghmeh","family":"Zabolinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Reza","family":"Jaafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Community Medicine School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Patient Safety Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Jabari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444317633.ch58"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1052","volume-title":"Dermatology","author":"Chang MW","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/kumj.v10i4.10993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.118403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2006.32133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2012.685478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.10.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01319-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00980-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Clinical study of effect of tranexamic acid emulsion on melasma and freckles(in Japanese)","volume":"6","author":"Konda S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Skin Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjocd.12152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjocd.12152","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.12152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T18:54:38Z","timestamp":1696186478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.12152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.12152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.12152","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]}}}