{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:19:38Z","timestamp":1790039978607,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004357","name":"Procter & Gamble","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>How African American hair fragility relates to hair care practices and biologic differences between races is not well understood. To assess the differences between perceptions of hair health, hair care practices, and several biologic hair parameters between Caucasian and African American women. A questionnaire on perceptions of hair health and hair care practices was administered. Biological and structural parameters of hair shaft and scalp, including growth, density, diameter, cycle, breakage, and scalp blood flow were also assessed in this case\u2013control study. Significant differences between the Caucasian and African American women were observed in the questionnaire and biologic study data. Regarding self\u2010reported perceptions of hair health, there were differences in the following: hair shaft type (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), hair breakage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.040), and desire to change hair (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Regarding self\u2010reported hair care practices, there were differences in the following: location of haircutting (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and washing (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.010), washing frequency (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), chemical relaxer use (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), hooded hair dryer use (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and hair shaft conditioner use (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005). The two groups had similar practices in regard to the use of hair color, frequency of hair color use, chemical curling agents, and handheld blow dryer use. Regarding biological and structural parameters, there were differences in the following: hair growth rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), density (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0016), diameter (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01), number of broken hairs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and blood flow (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). There was no significant difference in hair cycle parameters.The differences in hair care practices and hair fiber morphology among African American women may contribute to clinically observed variation in hair fragility and growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T08:37:23Z","timestamp":1440405443000},"page":"216-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Hair care practices and structural evaluation of scalp and hair shaft parameters in African American and Caucasian women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Lewallen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology Center for Dermatology Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shani","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Pritzker School of Medicine NorthShore University HealthSystem and University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Procter &amp; Gamble Company Mason Business Center Mason Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Procter &amp; Gamble Company Mason Business Center Mason Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Procter &amp; Gamble Company Sharon Woods Innovation Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology Agency for Science Technology, and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Swett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences; Division of Public Health Sciences Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"McMichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology Center for Dermatology Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330240131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.107958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670090015003","article-title":"Human hair form. 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