{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T01:17:06Z","timestamp":1782523026858,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]],"date-time":"2016-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the sun is very beneficial and essential for life, exposing ourselves too much to sunlight might lead to detrimental health effects such as skin cancer. Eight percent of the total different electromagnetic radiation that regularly irradiates the earth is classified as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ozone layer absorbs the most energetic UV rays; consequently, UV\u2010A and UV\u2010B reach the earth surface. UV\u2010A rays heavily contribute to both premature skin aging and skin cancer, while UV\u2010B rays cause sunburn. Hence, the use of sunscreen is strongly encouraged by many healthcare practitioners in order to minimize or possibly eradicate the harmful effects of UV rays on our skin, keeping in mind, that about 90% of all skin cancers are associated with exposure to the sun's harmful radiation. Unfortunately, inaccurate information is currently roaming the media and the Internet regarding the safety, toxicity, and acute side effects of the active ingredients currently used in sunscreens, therefore discouraging people from using sunscreens. In this review article, it is concluded based on the scientific published literature that the sunscreen ingredients are safe and there are no related potential hazardous health risks associated with their use. In addition, at present, sunscreens are very useful in preventing sunburn and probably skin cancer and photoaging and their regular use can have a positive and a significant impact on public health as means or instruments implemented to reduce exposure to UV radiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T04:39:25Z","timestamp":1473136765000},"page":"353-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Chemical characterization of sunscreens composition and its related potential adverse health effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Karim N","family":"Jallad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences American University of Kuwait Safat Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Chemistry in Context: Applying Chemistry to Society","author":"Eubanks L.P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/315207a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report","volume":"2009","author":"Andrady A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photchem Photobiol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1984.tb04622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401141101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690220034007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2000.160401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08658"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"New York Magazine: The Cut 2015.Are the Chemicals in Sunscreen Worse for you than Tanning?Available online:http:\/\/nymag.com\/thecut\/2015\/06\/whats-worse-sunscreen-chemicals-or-tanning.html(Accessed on 05 December 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2005.12.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300048200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention: Sunscreens","author":"IARC WHO, International Agency for Research on Cancer. 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