{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:12:17Z","timestamp":1789726337162,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]],"date-time":"2017-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mantecorp Ind\u00fastria Qu\u00edmica e Farmac\u00eautica Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unwanted side effects such as dryness, hypersensitivity, and cutaneous photosensitivity are challenge for adherence and therapeutical success for patients using treatments for inflammatory and allergic skin response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we compared the effects of two dermatological formulations, which are used in inflammatory and\/or allergic skin conditions: dexchlorpheniramine maleate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCP<\/jats:styled-content>; 10 mg\/g) and promethazine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTZ<\/jats:styled-content>; 20 mg\/g).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated both formulations for phototoxicity potential, skin irritation, anti\u2010inflammatory and antihistaminic abilities, and skin barrier repair in vitro and ex vivo using the standard <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OECD<\/jats:styled-content> test guideline n\u00b0 432, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECVAM<\/jats:styled-content> protocol n\u00b0 78, and cultured skin explants from a healthy patient. Ultraviolet A was chosen as exogenous agent to induce allergic and inflammatory response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTZ<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCP<\/jats:styled-content> promoted increases in interleukin\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) synthesis in response to ultraviolet A (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA<\/jats:styled-content>) radiation compared to control. However, the increase observed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTZ<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly greater than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCP<\/jats:styled-content>, indicating that the latter has a lower irritant potential. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCP<\/jats:styled-content> also demonstrated a protective effect on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced leukotriene B4 and nuclear factor kappa B (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB) synthesis. Conversely, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTZ<\/jats:styled-content> demonstrates more robust <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA<\/jats:styled-content> antihistaminic activity. Likewise, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTZ<\/jats:styled-content> promoted a significantly greater increase in the production of involucrin and keratin 14, both associated with protective skin barrier property.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, these data suggest possible diverging <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA<\/jats:styled-content> response mechanisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTZ<\/jats:styled-content>, which gives greater insight into the contrasting photosensitizing potential between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTZ<\/jats:styled-content> observed in the patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T04:12:38Z","timestamp":1496895158000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ultraviolet A photosensitivity profile of dexchlorpheniramine maleate and promethazine\u2010based creams: Anti\u2010inflammatory, antihistaminic, and skin barrier protection properties"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0111-7596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Facchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kosmoscience Group Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samara","family":"Eberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kosmoscience Group Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano Piatto","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kosmoscience Group Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Lucia Tabarini","family":"Alves Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kosmoscience Group Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilson","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas \u2010 PUC Campinas Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871523011202030230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-70942009000400008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.11.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"Urticaria induced by antihistamines","volume":"16","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez De Olano D","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000083795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/151509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"RietschelR FowlerJ FisherA.Fisher's contact dermatitis.2008.https:\/\/books.google.com.br\/books?hl=pt-BR&lr=&id=dQBAzfyCeQ8C&oi=fnd&pg=PP11&dq=Rietschel+RL +Fowler+JF +and+Fisher+AA.+Antihistamine+dermatitis.+Fisher%25E2%2580%2599s+Contact+Dermatitis +5th+ed&ots=tZ5rlBsmrU&sig=aoAyvYB1ajvRE02ZQOFw3hYevtI. 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