{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T22:05:58Z","timestamp":1772834758194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","award":["PJ01188201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01188201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bee (<jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic> L.) venom (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient owing to its anti\u2010aging, anti\u2010inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the skin safety of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this purpose, skin phototoxicity and sensitization tests were conducted in healthy male Hartley guinea pigs. The animals were divided into three groups (n=5) for the phototoxicity test: G1 (negative control), G2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content> gel treatment), and G3 (positive control). After specified treatments, the animals were irradiated with ultraviolet A (15 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The photosensitivity test was also performed in three groups: G4 (negative control, n=5), G5 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content> gel treatment, n=10), and G6 (positive control, n=5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Erythema and edema were observed after 24, 48, and 72 hours in the positive control group, but not in the negative control and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content> gel groups. Application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content> to the guinea pig skin had no toxic effects on any clinical signs, body weight, or mortality. In addition, it did not evoke a skin reaction in both either the skin phototoxicity and skin photosensitization tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therefore, it can be concluded that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content> has the potential to be developed as a drug ingredient for topical uses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T10:02:41Z","timestamp":1494928961000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of the skin phototoxicity and photosensitivity of honeybee venom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6840-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Mi","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biology National Academy of Agricultural Science Wanju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In Phyo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biology National Academy of Agricultural Science Wanju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon Ok","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biology National Academy of Agricultural Science Wanju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Gun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biology National Academy of Agricultural Science Wanju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He Rye","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biology National Academy of Agricultural Science Wanju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwan Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Catholic University of Daegu Daegu Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(75)90001-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"470","article-title":"A phase I study of the safety of honeybee venom extract as a possible treatment for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Castro HJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Antibacterial and anti\u2010inflammatory effects of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom against acne\u2010inducing bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Han SM","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Plant Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2007.11101374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S84940"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X12500590"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2012.698402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12581584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.30.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70244-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488609788173044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Guideline: Evaluation of Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products","author":"KFDS","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"AAALAC.Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.2011. Available online:https:\/\/www.aaalac.org\/resources\/Guide_2011.pdf. January 15 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.ICCVAM summary review document: the low volume eye test.2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(92)90151-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER).Guidance for Industry Photosafety Testing. May 2003. Available online: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/\u2026\/Guidances\/ucm079252.pdf. January 15 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Guideline: OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals","author":"KFDS","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-4-S1-S5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"International conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use; ICH S10 Guideline: Photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals. November 2013. Available online:http:\/\/www.ich.org\/fileadmin\/Public_Web_Site\/ICH_Products\/Guidelines\/Safety\/S10\/S10_Step_4.pdf. 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