{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:26:39Z","timestamp":1781720799352,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> radiation from the sun is the most common environmental stressor to damage the skin. It is now well established that photodamaged skin manifests signs of mild but chronic inflammation, termed as \u201cinflammaging.\u201d Thus, there is an urgent need for anti\u2010inflammatory regimes that can limit the damage caused by inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the possible palliative effects of a new topical nanoemulsion formulation containing tocotrienol\u2010rich fraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content>) on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced inflammation (erythema) of human skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An in\u00a0vitro model was used to demonstrate the ability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content> to alleviate photodamage via attenuation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Two ex\u00a0vivo models (skin antioxidative potential and radical sun protection factor) were used to determine the efficacy of different formulations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content> on the skin. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced erythema protection test in 20 subjects was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro studies involving HaCaT keratinocytes revealed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content> possesses marked anti\u2010inflammatory properties, as indicated by the attenuation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced upregulation of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines. A 1% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content> formulation was found to be more effective in enhancing the endogenous antioxidative protection of skin compared to 1% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content> in medium chain triglycerides because of its higher penetration kinetic profile. The clinical study showed that formulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content> was effective in reducing skin redness after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> irradiation as early as after 6\u00a0hours of application. A significant depigmentation was also observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content> treatment subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRF<\/jats:styled-content> may serve as an anti\u2010inflammatory compound that is safe to be applied daily to protect the skin from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced inflammaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]],"date-time":"2017-09-27T04:28:23Z","timestamp":1506486503000},"page":"555-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tocotrienol\u2010rich fraction attenuates <scp>UV<\/scp>\u2010induced inflammaging: A bench to bedside study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9108-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei Ney","family":"Yap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Development Davos Life Science Pte Ltd Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.11.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Sunscreens","volume":"810","author":"Bens G","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.10.070190.002041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009000300015","article-title":"The effects of palm oil tocotrienol\u2010rich fraction supplementation on biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and the vascular wall of streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats","volume":"64","author":"Budin SB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700418"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-011-0219-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"LefortM JungK PfluckerF HerrlingT.Create lasting highly effective antioxidative defence for the skin. 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