{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:44:05Z","timestamp":1790775845453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]],"date-time":"2018-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease associated with alteration in levels of various cytokines. However, there are very few studies in this regard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the serum levels of cytokines secreted by Th1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1), Th2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106), and Th17 cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022) in patients with localized vitiligo and generalized vitiligo and to correlate their levels with the extent, duration, and activity of disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty patients of vitiligo (30 each of localized and generalized) and 30 controls were recruited in the study. Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, \u20106, \u201017, \u201022, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 levels were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>) in all patients and healthy controls, and their levels were correlated with the extent, duration, and activity of vitiligo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed significantly raised levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, \u20106, \u201017, \u201022, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 in both localized vitiligo and generalized vitiligo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 was significantly raised (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .028) in localized vitiligo, whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 were significantly raised in generalized vitiligo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .00 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .019, respectively). Activity of disease showed positive correlation with serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .015) in localized vitiligo. Positive correlation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic> = .238) with body surface area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSA<\/jats:styled-content>) was observed in patients with generalized vitiligo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study shows that cytokines secreted by Th17 cells play an important role in maintenance and spread of vitiligo as they increase in line with extent of disease. Also <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 increases in proportion with activity of disease, hence may act as biomarker for identifying patient with aggressive disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T04:22:37Z","timestamp":1520223757000},"page":"337-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Cytokine profile (<scp>IL<\/scp>\u20102, <scp>IL<\/scp>\u20106, <scp>IL<\/scp>\u201017, <scp>IL<\/scp>\u201022, and <scp>TNF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b1) in vitiligo\u2014New insight into pathogenesis of disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sushama","family":"Sushama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and PGIMER New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8677-8216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niharika","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and PGIMER New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram Krishna","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and PGIMER New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and PGIMER New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananta","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, 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