{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:43:16Z","timestamp":1778823796790,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluation and comparison of the efficacy and safety of 3 different modalities of treatment for dark circles that function via different modes of action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 45 female patients with periorbital hyperpigmentation were randomly selected to participate from those attending the outpatient dermatology clinic of Al\u2010Zahraa University Hospital within a 6\u2010month period. Patients were divided into 3 groups, and the groups were subjected to different types of therapy: group A, carboxy therapy; group B, chemical peel; and group C, vitamin C mesotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No statistically significant differences were detected in improvements in pigmentation or the degree of patient satisfaction between any of the groups. However, the mesotherapy group reported more of a burning sensation following treatment than the other 2 groups but also showed a significant improvement in pigmentation and patient satisfaction compared with the carboxy group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 3 treatment modalities were effective in the reduction in periorbital pigmentation. However, mesotherapy showed a significant improvement in pigmentation and a higher level of patient satisfaction compared with the other types of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T11:05:57Z","timestamp":1526468757000},"page":"169-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Treatment of periorbital dark circles: Comparative study of carboxy therapy vs chemical peeling vs mesotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Naglaa A","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzahra Hospital Alazhar University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4121-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma S","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzahra Hospital Alazhar 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