{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:38:37Z","timestamp":1778200717136,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NITTE Deemed to be University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dual\u2010release mechanism of ethosomal gels (ie, ethosomes and gel) makes them as versatile drug delivery systems for topical applications. Clove oil is obtained from the clove buds exhibited broad antifungal and antibacterial activity. Cutaneous candidiasis is the infection caused by <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> or other <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to prepare ethosomal gel of clove oil and evaluate its effectiveness in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethosomes of clove oil was formulated by using varying concentrations of soyaphosphotidyl choline and ethanol, and later, it was incorporated into carbapol 974 base gels to form ethosomal gel. The prepared ethosomal gels were also evaluated for spreadability, drug release studies, ex vivo permeation study, and antifungal activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimized formulation did not cause any irritation to the skin since the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> of formulation was in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> range of skin. The ethosomal gel showed satisfactory antifungal activity against the fungus <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic> compared to pure clove oil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that developed formulation could be promising one in the topical delivery of clove oil for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T03:43:21Z","timestamp":1535773401000},"page":"862-869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Novel ethosomal gel of clove oil for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shweta","family":"Shetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences NITTE Deemed to be University Mangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2815-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jobin","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences NITTE Deemed to be University Mangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lalit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R Narayana","family":"Charyulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences NITTE Deemed to be University Mangalore Karnataka 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