{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:36:32Z","timestamp":1778510192077,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,7]],"date-time":"2018-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a multifactorial disease in which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) plays an important role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the effect of oral pulse steroids on both serum and tissue levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 in AA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin biopsies and serum samples were collected from 20 patients with patchy AA before and after treatment (oral prednisolone for two consecutive days every week for 3\u00a0months) for determination of the levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels using ELISA technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both serum and tissue levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 in AA patients were significantly higher than in controls before (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) as well as after treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0169 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.3051), respectively. The duration of disease negatively correlated with tissue TNF\u2010\u03b1 before treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Serum and tissue levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 dropped significantly after treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The percentage of reduction of both tissue and serum TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels correlated positively with the percentage of clinical improvement (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.682, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0009; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.567, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TNF\u2010\u03b1 plays an important role in the evolution of AA lesions, and alteration in both serum and tissue levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 could be considered one of the important mechanisms of action of systemic oral pulse steroids in the treatment of AA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T00:48:20Z","timestamp":1538959700000},"page":"1128-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Alteration of serum and tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha levels: A possible mechanism of action of oral pulse steroids in the treatment of alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dalia","family":"Abdel Halim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola M.","family":"Abu Zeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laila","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9487-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwah Adly","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"367","article-title":"Alopecia areata: genetic complexity underlies clinical heterogeneity","volume":"17","author":"Dudda\u2010Subramanya R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555576421423","article-title":"Cytokines in alopecia areata: contrasting cytokine profiles in localized form and extensive form (alopecia universalis)","volume":"76","author":"Teraki Y","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.87124"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.10.873"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092287"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"224","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of corticosteroids on the secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by monocytes is dependent on the stimulus inducing TNF synthesis","volume":"78","author":"Debets JM","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_47_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"Koubanova.On the problem of pathogenetic heterogeneity of alopecia areata. 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