{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:26:26Z","timestamp":1787239586029,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Onychomycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection often infecting people with compromised immune system. Currently available treatment interventions such as physical, surgical, and chemical\u2010based approaches are successful in treating the condition, however, are painful and nonpatient complaint. Moreover, dermal creams with antifungal agents do not penetrate nail plate as required; hence, there is a necessity of developing a novel formulation with enhanced penetration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present research work was to develop ketoconazole microemulsion\u2010loaded hydrogel formulation containing nigella oil as permeation enhancer for the treatment of onychomycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Screening of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants were done based on solubility studies followed by the construction of pseudo\u2010ternary phase diagrams with 2% ketoconazole. The microemulsion was characterized for globule size, zeta potential, viscosity, and thermodynamic stability. Ex\u2010vivo studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cells using porcine skin membrane. The antifungal activity of microemulsion\u2010loaded hydrogel was evaluated using cup plate method using\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus niger<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimized microemulsion had a composition of 54.97% Capryol:Nigella (2:1), 36.07% Transcutol:Propylene glycol (2:1), and 7.13% water and was later incorporated into polymeric gel base. The microemulsion\u2010loaded hydrogel exhibited a 10\u00a0hours sustained release profile as compared to the marketed cream and an enhanced activity against marketed ketoconazole cream and compared with marketed ketoconazole formulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The thermodynamic stability, sustained drug release with greater permeation, and enhanced activity due to the presence of nigella oil in microemulsion\u2010loaded hydrogel warrant its application as an excellent vehicle for treating fungal infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T06:40:27Z","timestamp":1555137627000},"page":"1742-1750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Formulation evaluation of ketoconazole microemulsion\u2010loaded hydrogel with nigella oil as a penetration enhancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3732-1126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kesrin","family":"Amra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cipla Inc Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5908-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munira","family":"Momin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.107754"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"762","article-title":"Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"88","author":"Westerberg DP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"OblongJE.Retinyl Propionate and Related Retinoids. 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