{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T01:35:41Z","timestamp":1789263341455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease due to aberrant T\u2010cell response against hair follicle self\u2010antigens. Previous studies support the role of Th1 cytokines in pathogenesis of AA, but the role of Th2, Th17, and Treg cytokines remains to be fully elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the serum levels of cytokines secreted by Th1 (IL\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3), Th2 (IL\u20104), Th17 (IL\u201023, IL\u201017A), and Treg (IL\u201010) pathways in patients of active AA and to correlate their levels with the severity of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty patients with untreated active AA of the scalp and forty age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls were included. Serum levels of cytokines IL\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u201017A, IL\u201023, IL\u20104, and IL\u201010 were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum levels of cytokines IL\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u201017A, and IL\u201010 were significantly raised while serum levels of IL\u201023 were nonsignificantly raised in AA patients as compared to controls. The levels of IL\u20104 were significantly lower in AA patients as compared to controls. (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Also, significant positive correlation was found between increase in SALT Score and serum levels of IL\u20102, IL\u201017A, and IL\u201023. (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Th1 and Th17 pathways play a central role in the initiation and progression of AA, while Th2 pathway is suppressed in active AA. Treg pathway may be opposing Th1 and Th17 pathway and causes disease localization. The instant study lays the groundwork for understanding the pathogenesis of AA and suggests the role of implicated cytokines as potential therapeutic targets and as biomarkers of disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T13:05:41Z","timestamp":1557839141000},"page":"234-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The profile of cytokines (IL\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20104, IL\u201010, IL\u201017A, and IL\u201023) in active alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ram Kishan","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Post graduate institute of medical education and research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital New Delhi 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