{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T21:39:27Z","timestamp":1789249167581,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In gender minority patients, electrolysis and laser hair removal may be necessary to reduce facial and body hair in individuals seeking a more feminine appearance and\/or modified gender expression. These procedures may also be required preoperatively for some gender\u2010affirming surgeries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify (a) the frequency of unwanted facial and body hair, (b) the use of various hair removal methods, and (c) associated barriers to care in gender minority patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online\u2010based patient survey was distributed via social media on Facebook<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, YouTube<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, and Instagram<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> in fall 2018. Respondents were at least 18\u00a0years old and self\u2010identified as a gender minority.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 991 responses were recorded with a completion rate of 77%. Considering excess hair, 84% of transwomen on feminizing hormone therapy (FHT: estrogen and anti\u2010androgen therapy), 100% of transwomen <jats:italic>not<\/jats:italic> on FHT, and 100% of nonbinary individuals on FHT reported excess facial\/body hair. Laser hair removal (18%) and electrolysis (17%) had similar rates of use in this cohort and were more commonly reported for nonsurgical gender\u2010affirming purposes than preoperative preparation. Cost was the most frequently cited barrier to care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As the majority of transwomen and nonbinary people on feminizing hormone therapy had persistent excess facial\/body hair, routine use of gender\u2010affirming hormones is not sufficient to fully eliminate unwanted hair. There remains a critical need to advocate for more comprehensive insurance coverage for laser hair removal and electrolysis in gender minority patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T21:11:19Z","timestamp":1569445879000},"page":"1494-1498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Excess hair, hair removal methods, and barriers to care in gender minority patients: A survey study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6031-6248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dustin H.","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Hagigeorges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athena J.","family":"Manatis\u2010Lornell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Dommasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryanne M.","family":"Senna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arr214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0343-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1330467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2008.00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1960.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.8.6710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(01)00200-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14764170701817049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Position Statement on Medical Necessity of Treatment Sex Reassignment and Insurance Coverage in the U.S.A. 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Accessed September 17 2019."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.13164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.13164","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.13164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T12:34:04Z","timestamp":1693744444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.13164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.13164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.13164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}