{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:42:25Z","timestamp":1791859345630,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combination therapies have reported to augment the repigmentation in vitiligo. Microneedling (Mn) facilitates drug delivery across the skin barrier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Mn combined with tacrolimus vs Mn alone or tacrolimus 0.1% ointment for treatment of localized and stable vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety patients with vitiligo were randomized into three groups: group I received microneedling with tacrolimus, group II microneedling only both at 2\u00a0weeks interval for twelve sessions, and group III applied tacrolimus ointment 0.1% twice daily for 6\u00a0months. Skin biopsies were taken at baseline and after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall improvement (76.6%) was significantly higher in the combined group compared with other groups. Repigmentation was excellent in 66.6 of group I vs 33.3% in the other two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0.03). A highly significant improvement of the extremities was observed in the combined group than in the other groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). A fewer number of sessions have reported in the combined group (I) than in the microneedling group (II;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Immunohistochemical results showed a significantly higher expression of HMB\u201045 in group I than in other two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0.04). Side effects were mild and tolerable in all groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination group has shown promising results over the other two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T01:20:26Z","timestamp":1581038426000},"page":"855-862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Efficacy of microneedling combined with tacrolimus versus either one alone for vitiligo treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1364-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howyda M.","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Albalate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1981"},{"issue":"68","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Autoimmune aspects of depigmentation in vitiligo","volume":"9","author":"Le Poole IC","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp 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