{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:11:32Z","timestamp":1783440692484,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life\u2010threatening autoimmune blistering disease targeting the skin and mucous membranes. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) is an immune checkpoint which binds to two ligands, PDL1 and PDL2 resulting in negative regulation of antigen receptor signaling, thus, play a critical role in the immune regulation of autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this work we aimed to assess serum levels of soluble PD1 (sPD1) in patients with active PV and in patients in remission in an attempt to evaluate its effect on disease severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case\u2010control study, 60 pemphigus vulgaris patients (30 clinically active and 30 in a clinical remission) and 30 age matched healthy control subjects were included. Severity of PV was assessed using pemphigus disease area index (PDAI) score. Serum levels of sPD1 were measured by ELISA for both patients and healthy control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum levels of sPD1 were significantly lower in PV patients than in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and significantly lower in patients with active disease than in those in remission (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Serum sPD1 correlated negatively with the severity of the disease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A defect in PD1 pathway is suggested in PV patients, and this defect plays a substantial role in determining the severity of the disease. Thus, sPD1 could be considered a useful marker for disease severity and targeting PD1 pathway could be a potential aim for future therapies of PV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T18:44:43Z","timestamp":1600973083000},"page":"1298-1302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Serum levels of soluble PD1 in pemphigus vulgaris: A useful marker for disease severity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ola Abu","family":"Zeid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimaa","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9487-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwah Adly","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanis","family":"Ragab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00923.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","article-title":"The PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L pathway in rheumatic diseases","author":"Zhang S","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2014.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejr.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2016.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Role of PD\u20101 in Immunity and Diseases","volume":"410","author":"Chamoto K","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EWX.0000527924.92973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9718-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Role of PD\u20101 in regulating T\u2010cell immunity","volume":"350","author":"Jin HT","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.12.8844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47572007000300003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"BaA.Modulation of the PD\u20101 pathway by inhibitory antibody superagonists. 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