{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:08:01Z","timestamp":1788815281782,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Financial Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Financial Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308745\/2015\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308745\/2015\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some in vitro studies have reported the potential of antioxidants for the reduction of melanogenesis. However, it is important to assess the clinical efficacy of these substances in reducing skin hyperpigmentation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dermocosmetic formulations based on antioxidants using Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two healthy females aged 39\u201055\u00a0years were enrolled and divided into four groups: Vehicle (V), V with ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate (ATIP), V with <jats:italic>Spirulina<\/jats:italic> sp., and V with hydroxytyrosol\u2010titrated olive extract. Imaging analyses by high\u2010resolution methods and RCM were performed in the malar region of the face before and after a 42\u2010day period of application of the studied formulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reflectance confocal microscopy imaging analyses showed a significant reduction of number of hyperreflective pixels and basal layer brightness after 42\u00a0days of application of formulations containing the antioxidants compared to vehicle and baseline values, suggesting an improvement of the skin pigmentation pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reflectance confocal microscopy permitted the identification of skin hyperpigmentation and the assessment of the clinical efficacy of dermocosmetic formulations based on antioxidants in a noninvasive way. All formulations containing antioxidants significantly reduced skin hyperpigmentation after the period of application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T16:57:35Z","timestamp":1604595455000},"page":"538-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy of topical antioxidants in the skin hyperpigmentation control: A clinical study by reflectance confocal microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8739-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Maria","family":"D'Angelo Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6678-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Maria Berardo Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Maia Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12423"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2010.00616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12536"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2008.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2006.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2012.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10125326"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0583-0410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2008.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR200495"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nen058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"CorauceD CamargoFBJr Maia CamposPMBG inventors.Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) and Ouro Fino Participa\u00e7\u00f5es e Empreedimentos S\/A assignee. 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