{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:28:00Z","timestamp":1780385280132,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence of skin pigmentation disorders has been on the rise globally. This calls for safer and more effective topical skin lightening and freckle\u2010removing products. In this study, we hypothesized that Soluble Pearl Extract (SPE) may possess endothelin antagonizing compounds with good skin whitening effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>(a) To determine the effect and mechanisms of SPE on ET\u20101\u2010treated B16 melanoma cells. (b) To explore the cytotoxic effects of SPE on B16 melanoma cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CCK\u20108 assay was performed to determine how SPE and ET\u20101 affect the proliferation rate of B16 melanoma cells, the NaOH lysis assay was conducted to quantify the content of melanin while the tyrosinase activity was determined by DOPA oxidation test. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TYR and TRP\u20101 were determined by qRT\u2010PCR assay and Western blot assay, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that SPE at 0.1 and 1\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL concentrations has no effect on the proliferation of the cells and 10\u00a0nmol\/L ET\u20101 promoted B16 melanoma cells proliferation. Notably, B16 melanoma cells treated with 10\u00a0nmol\/L ET\u20101 exhibited significantly higher melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, TYR, and TRP\u20101 mRNA expression levels compared with untreated cells. Of note, the effects of 10\u00a0nmol\/L ET\u20101 treatment were abolished with SPE in a dose\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SPE inhibits endothelin thereby safely and effectively lightening lightens the skin by antagonizing endothelin. Moreover, SPE is safe and effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T14:37:11Z","timestamp":1608820631000},"page":"2531-2537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Soluble Pearl Extract provides effective skin lightening by antagonizing endothelin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Osmum Biological Co., Ltd Huzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Osmum Group Deqing Biotechnology Co., Ltd Huzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaojia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Osmum Group Deqing Biotechnology Co., Ltd 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