{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T22:24:27Z","timestamp":1767911067615,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Warts are common viral infection of the skin. Treating warts are still an ongoing challenge and no general agreement is reached, on the best treatment, despite different therapeutic approaches. Intralesional (IL) immunotherapy has recently been shown to be effective in treating various wart forms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of IL tuberculin, IL MMR vaccine, and intradermal (ID) BCG vaccination in treating viral warts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty patients with single or multiple warts were divided equally into three groups. Group A received IL MMR vaccine, and group B received IL tuberculin every 3 weeks (maximum 3 times). Group C received ID BCG vaccination in the arm with one month interval (maximum 3 times). Recurrence was followed up for 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In group A, complete response occurred in 30%, partial response in 5%, and no response in 65%. In group B, complete response occurred in 45%, partial response in 20%, minimal response in 10% and no response in 25%. In group C, complete response occurred in 70%, partial response in 5%, minimal response in 5%, and no response in 20%. No recurrence was observed in group A and B but occurred in one patient in group C with the same lesion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunotherapy by IL tuberculin and ID BCG vaccination are safe, effective, and inexpensive techniques in treating all types of warts even if recalcitrant or multiple but immunotherapy by IL MMR vaccine has shown less effectiveness and less safety technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T10:42:53Z","timestamp":1610275373000},"page":"2657-2666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Immunotherapy in cutaneous warts: comparative clinical Study between MMR vaccine, tuberculin, and BCG Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3945-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Engi Seif E.","family":"Shaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noha N.","family":"Doghim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arwa Mhammad","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samia S.","family":"Musafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"Viro Carcinogenic aspects of HPV","volume":"191","author":"Pre'tet JL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull Acad Natl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1905","article-title":"Human papillomavirus associated cutaneous lesions","volume":"56","author":"Aubin F","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Prat"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4050832"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"647","article-title":"Cutaneous warts: an evidence\u2010based approach to therapy","volume":"72","author":"Bacelieri R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Intralesional immunotherapy of common warts: successful treatment with mumps, measles and rubella vaccine","author":"Nofal A","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.171650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/2581-4729.2019.0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"589","article-title":"BacilleCalmette\u2010Guerin immunotherapy of viral warts","volume":"29","author":"Sharquie KE","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Acupoint\u2010injection of BCG polysaccharide nuclear acid for treatment of condyloma acuminatum and its immunoregulatory action on the patient","volume":"6","author":"Yuan SY","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Intralesional injection of mumps or candida antigens: a novel immunotherapy of warts","volume":"137","author":"Johnson SM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.01176.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1928.02700240030008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"656","article-title":"Treatment of Common Warts with an Intralesional Mixture of 5\u2010Fluorouracil, Lidocaine, and Epinephrine: A Prospective Placebo Controlled. Double\u2010Blind Randomized Trial","volume":"34","author":"Yazdanfar A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.79694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.129701"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Therapeutic Outcome of Intralesional Immunotherapy in Cutaneous Warts Using the Mumps, Measles, and Rubella Vaccine: A Randomized Placebo\u2010controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"Guneet A","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Evaluation of IL2 and IFN \u03b3 mRNA Gene Expression in Resistant Genital and Plantar Warts Treated by","volume":"20","author":"Youssef SS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intralesional Tuberculin"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"739","article-title":"Intralesional immunotherapy using tuberculin PPD in the treatment of palmoplantar and periungual warts","volume":"3","author":"Wananukul S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2013.768760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2015.1078871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Study of BCG immunotherapy in the management of multiple, extensive non\u2010genital cutaneous common warts","volume":"461","author":"Rao AG","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.13921","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.13921","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.13921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T19:44:42Z","timestamp":1693338282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.13921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.13921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.13921","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}