{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:44:25Z","timestamp":1771047865454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acne is one of the skin diseases that include abnormalities in the production of sebum, changes in the microbial flora, abnormal keratinization, and inflammation. Adapalene is a good choice in the treatment of acne with fewer side effects and high effectiveness. However, the absorption of adapalene through human skin is low. We investigated the effect of several enhancers on the skin absorption of adapalene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the preparation of a topical formulation, this drug needs proper skin absorption. Therefore, to increase the effect of chemical absorption of the Adapalene skin permeability, it should first be put on the skin in a touch of some absorption like Eucalyptus, Urea, Clove oil, propylene glycol, and oleic acid for 1 and 2\u00a0hours and was then examined for the passing of the drug on the treated skin and for the effect of absorptions by calculating of the permeability parameters using DSC and FT\u2010IR techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results show that the enhancers used increased the permeability of the drug adapalene to water. Several mechanisms including lipid liquefaction, degradation of the fat structure, as well as irreversible denaturation of intracellular creatine caused by Eucalyptus, urea clove oil, PG, and oleic acid are the main mechanisms of drug penetration. Based on the results, it was found that among the enhancers studied, eucalyptus and urea had the highest and the lowest absorption effect in 2\u2010 and 1\u2010hour pre\u2010contact, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T18:18:19Z","timestamp":1612549099000},"page":"3011-3017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Increase adapalene delivery using chemical and herbal enhancers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1505-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anayatollah","family":"Salimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monasadat","family":"Emam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1462-3930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Mohammad Soleymani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Clinical review: topical retinoids","volume":"15","author":"Rolewski SL","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology 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