{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:17:06Z","timestamp":1777083426556,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinoids are the mainstay of topical therapy for acne. To improve the efficacy and minimize the side effects of retinoids, various novel drug delivery mechanisms, including nanoparticles, have been developed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a retinaldehyde\u2010loaded niosome (RA\u2010N) nanoemulsion against sebum secretion and keratinization on mild\u2010to\u2010moderate acne.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients\/methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three participants exhibiting mild\u2010to\u2010moderate acne with both closed and open comedones were included. They applied a 0.05% RA\u2010N nanoemulsion daily for 4\u00a0weeks, did not to use any other emollient or topical pharmaceutical, and were asked to report any symptoms and treatment satisfaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participants demonstrated significantly fewer closed and open comedones after 2 and 4\u00a0weeks of treatment than at baseline (*<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The mean sebum secretion, measured using Sebumeter\u00ae, was 327.95\u00a0\u00b1\u00a090.20\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> at baseline and reduced to 282.60\u00a0\u00b1\u00a099.70 and 250.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a097.6\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, respectively, after 2 and 4\u00a0weeks of treatment (*<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The mean desquamation index, determined using Visioscan\u00ae, was 10.99\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.69 at baseline and decreased to 9.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.10 and 8.89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.32, respectively, after 2 and 4\u00a0weeks of treatment (*<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The application of the RA\u2010N nanoemulsion resulted in a significantly lower desquamation level, suggesting that the RA\u2010N nanoemulsion was well\u2010tolerated without any skin irritation. None of the participants reported a serious adverse event during this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that the RA\u2010N nanoemulsion was effective in improving comedones in acne\u2010prone skin and safe for long\u2010term application. Further studies are necessary to investigate the long\u2010term effects of the application of the RA\u2010N nanoemulsion in participants with inflammatory acne and acne scars.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T03:27:20Z","timestamp":1632972440000},"page":"3586-3592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A pilot study evaluating the efficacy and safety of retinaldehyde\u2010loaded niosomes against mild\u2010to\u2010moderate acne"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0047-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Severance Hospital Cutaneous Biology Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center 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