{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:45:17Z","timestamp":1791938717949,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]],"date-time":"2021-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) is believed to play an important role in the development of acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim of the Work<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the presence of GM\u2010CSF 3928C\/T and GM\u2010CSF 3606\u00a0T\/C promoter gene polymorphisms in Egyptian acne patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine whether GM\u2010CSF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility to acne vulgaris (AV), we investigated the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP 3928C\/T and 3606T\u2044C of the GM\u2010CSF gene in 100 Egyptian acne patients (29 with mild acne, 38 with moderate acne, and 33 with severe acne) and 100 controls, using a PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a highly significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies of the 3928C\/T group between patients with acne vulgaris and controls for the SNP site. Regarding the 3606\u00a0T\/C subgroup only a marginal significant difference was found between cases and controls in TC pattern (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.039); with the TC genotype appearing more in cases (53% of patients) than controls (35% of healthy controls).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a novel GM\u2010CSF 3928C\/T promoter gene polymorphism contributing to the pathogenesis of acne in Egyptian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T20:42:26Z","timestamp":1633380146000},"page":"3679-3683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of a novel Granulocyte\u2010Macrophage Colony\u2010Stimulating Factor (GM\u2010CSF)\u20103928C\/T and GM\u2010CSF(3606T\u2044C) Promoter gene polymorphisms with the pathogenesis and severity of acne vulgaris: A case\u2010controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Essam Bakr","family":"Abdelaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Al Azhar University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba Mahmoud","family":"Abdelsamie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Al Azhar University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shady Mahmoud","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Al Azhar University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalda Sayed","family":"Amr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics National Research Centre Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramadan M.","family":"Eldahshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7541-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed L.","family":"Elsaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology National Research Centre Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S114830"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"New insights into adolescent acne","volume":"144","author":"Elsaie ML","year":"2009","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol 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