{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:52:41Z","timestamp":1769554361375,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016299","name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016299","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treating hair loss of Alopecia areata is a quite challenge. The treatment not only needs to be effective but must meet specific requirements in terms of accurate dose, sustain release, comfortable application with aesthetic appearance. Thus, the study was designed to develop sustained release topical patches releasing allicin using different sources, including the extract from fresh and aged garlic, and commercially pure one.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patches were formulated by solvent casting method using ethylene\u2010vinyl acetate as backing layer and Carbopol<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> 971P NF (CP) as mucoadhesive polymer. Physicochemical properties were evaluated including weight, thickness, drug content, surface pH, moisture content, folding endurance, and swelling. In addition to in vitro diffusion study across the cellulose and Strat\u2010M<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> membranes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patches showed good physicochemical properties. No significant difference (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;\u00a00.05) was obvious in the percentage of allicin diffused across cellulose membrane between patch A (loaded with commercial allicin), patch B1 (loaded with fresh garlic extract), and patch C (loaded with aged garlic extract). However, ethanol enhanced the diffusion of allicin. The percentage of allicin diffused across cellulose membrane over 20\u00a0h from patch E (45\u00a0mg CP, 2\u00a0mL fresh garlic extract\u2014equivalent to 60\u00a0mg allicin\u2014and 1\u00a0mL of ethanol) was 79.94%. The flux and permeability coefficients were 2.62\u00a0mg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/h and 0.52\u00a0cm\/h, respectively, with an enhancement ratio of 2.60 times the reference patch M (mashed garlic).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Promising development of topical patches of allicin using garlic extract as natural source with lower cost than the commercial pure allicin and higher aesthetic acceptance than the used mashed garlic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T11:39:22Z","timestamp":1635507562000},"page":"396-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of topical patches releasing allicin using garlic extract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Batool","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University Al\u2010Salt Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0798-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana","family":"Abu\u2010Huwaij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University Al\u2010Salt Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iqbal","family":"Al\u2010khateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University Al\u2010Salt Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alopecia areata: updates","volume":"20","author":"Al\u2010salam FA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gulf J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20105945\u20105\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7522.951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.2004.05915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssdds.2013.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(87)90092-4"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1631","article-title":"ALOPECIA: HERBAL REMEDIES","volume":"2","author":"Kaushik R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"AllenJ.Garlic production factsheet. ontario ministry of agriculture food and rural affairs 2009; order no. 09\u2010011W AGDEX 258\/13 8 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CahayaniWA TanuwijayaC ChiLX MulyastutiY.Antibacterial activity of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and molecular docking studies of allicin. 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