{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T11:51:28Z","timestamp":1771674688760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carboxytherapy is a minimally invasive, relatively safe modality that has been used for the treatment of dark circles; however, different flow rates and different injection techniques have been described in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the effect of the flow rate on the therapeutic outcome of carboxytherapy in infraorbital dark circles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty patients with infraorbital dark circles were divided into two equal groups: Group A received carboxytherapy at a flow rate of 30\u00a0ml\/min, and group B received carboxytherapy at a flow rate of 60\u00a0ml\/min. Patients received weekly sessions for 6\u00a0weeks, and the treatment response was evaluated 6\u00a0weeks after the last treatment session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant improvement of the dark circles was detected in both treatment groups. However, no significant difference in the treatment response was found when both flow rates were compared. The frequency of development of side effects was significantly higher in the group receiving CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at a flow rate of 60\u00a0ml\/min. No significant difference in the overall post\u2010treatment patient satisfaction between the two groups was detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carboxytherapy is an effective therapeutic modality for infraorbital dark circles. Lower flow rates achieve therapeutic responses similar to higher flow rates but with fewer side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T15:34:22Z","timestamp":1640964862000},"page":"4020-4027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A randomized comparative study of the effect of two different flow rates of carboxytherapy in the treatment of infraorbital dark circles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ossama Hussein","family":"Roshdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba Mahmoud","family":"Abd Elall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4916-2778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira Abulfotooh","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2007.00324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002484"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00256.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Self\u2010Report Measures Assessing Pain, Pain\u2010Related Beliefs and Coping, and Clinical Success","author":"Jensen MP","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03274-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2012.00633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2021.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.184046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20153520"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.14714","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jocd.14714","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jocd.14714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T18:11:21Z","timestamp":1692468681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.14714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jocd.14714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.14714","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-2130","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}