{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:40:18Z","timestamp":1761198018325,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous warts represent a challenging condition to treat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intralesional injection of MMR (mumps, measles, and rubella) antigen, BCG (bacillus Calmette\u2010Guerin) vaccine, and candida antigen for the treatment of multiple warts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of ninety (90) clinically confirmed adult patients complaining of recalcitrant extragenital warts of various sizes and durations were recruited in this randomized clinical trial. They were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). Each group consisted of (30) patients. Group (A) subjects received intralesional MMR injections. Group (B) subjects received intralesional BCG injection and Group (C) received intralesional candida antigen injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Full clearance of warts was observed in (73.33%, 70%, and 43.33%) in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Infrequent side effects including pain, erythema, and minimal induration were reported in all groups but did not necessitate termination of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All the three modalities used demonstrated a simple, safe modality with low adverse events, and with no recurrence. To achieve an optimal response with an ideal immunotherapeutic agent and ideal dose, further comparative studies are warranted and on different populations and larger sample sizes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T18:38:07Z","timestamp":1641667087000},"page":"1120-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparative study between intralesional injection of MMR, BCG, and <i>candida albicans<\/i> antigen in treatment of multiple recalcitrant warts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ramadan Mohamed","family":"Eldahshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Damietta 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