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The essential component of the disease is the persistent erythema of facial skin. Episodes of flushing (acute\u2010subacute intermittent vasodilation) are common. Swelling and erythema of the nose along with dilatation of the pilosebaceous poral orifices, known as rhinophyma, can be noted in chronic cases. Rosacea affects up to 10% of the world population and is especially noted in fair\u2010skinned individuals aged 35\u201350. Women are affected more often than men. Several treatment modalities including topical medications, systemic drugs, lasers, and light\u2010based therapies have been used for the management of rosacea with variable results. Topical medications such as azelaic acid, metronidazole, and sulfacetamide\/sulfur, oral antibiotics such as tetracyclines, and oral retinoids alone or, most commonly, in combination form the mainstay of treatment. Light therapies such as intense pulsed light and pulsed dye laser are best used for the erythemato\u2010telangiectatic type. Topical brimonidine, oxymetazoline, ivermectin, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, low\u2010dose modified\u2010release tetracyclines and botulinum toxin are the new additions to the therapeutic armamentarium. This article provides a comprehensive review of the various therapies used for rosacea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T12:19:29Z","timestamp":1643717969000},"page":"1895-1904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Rosacea management: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Anuj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy Dr. R. P. Govt. 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Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Grabbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8646-1179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Goldust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2010.01.2107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2009.00456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120625"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2009.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Comprehensive medical management of rosacea: an interim study report and literature review","volume":"1","author":"Del Rosso JQ","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthetic Derm"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.8.1047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200405010-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.11.1444"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once\u2010daily metronidazole 1% gel compared with twice\u2010daily azelaic acid 15% gel in the treatment of rosacea","volume":"77","author":"Wolf JE","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.9.15.2699"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1983.tb03972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"A double\u2010blind, multicenter clinical trial comparing efficacy of once\u2010daily metronidazole 1 percent cream to vehicle in patients with rosacea","volume":"61","author":"Breneman DL","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1983.tb03993.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Efficacy of a novel rosacea treatment system; an investigator\u2010blind randomized parallel group study","volume":"10","author":"Leydon JJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"The comparative efficacy of sodium sulfacetamide 10%\/sulfur 5% (Sulfacet\u2010R) lotion and metronidazole 0.75% (MetroGel) in the treatment of rosacea","volume":"3","author":"Lebwohl M","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Geriatr Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"A status report on the medical management of rosacea: focus on topical therapies","volume":"70","author":"Del Rosso JQ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"650","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once daily topical brimonidine tartrate gel 0.5% for the treatment of moderate to severe facial erythema of rosacea: results of two randomized, double\u2010blind, and vehicle\u2010controlled pivotal studies","volume":"12","author":"Fowler J","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"699","article-title":"Brimonidine phase III study group. 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