{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T07:40:29Z","timestamp":1770018029225,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lichen sclerosus is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease, which involves most commonly the anogenital region. The gold standard in treatment is ultra\u2010potent topical steroids (clobetasol propionate): it aims at controlling the symptoms, stopping further scarring and distortion, and reducing the risk of cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this preliminary study is to evaluate the efficacy of injecting Hybrid Cooperative Complexes of Hyaluronic Acid (HCC) for the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty female adult patients (range: 21\u201378\u00a0years), aged over 18, with histopathological diagnosis of lichen sclerosus and good general conditions were enrolled. Patients underwent HCC infiltration every month, for 3 times. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after one (T1) and six months (T2) after treatment. During every visit, each patient was studied clinically and with videothermography. Itching, burning sensation, pain, and dyspareunia were reported by patients at T0, T1, and T2. The effectiveness of the treatment on patients\u2019 quality of life and sexual function was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) at T0 and at T2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this preliminary study are very promising, in fact, all patients had a significant reduction in most symptoms after 1 and 6\u00a0months of HCC treatment. The reduction of patients with itching (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value \u2264 0.001), pain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value\u00a0=\u00a00.031), and burning sensation (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.004) at 6\u00a0months is significant. The analysis of DLQI scores revealed a significant improvement in patients\u2019 quality of life. At baseline, the average score of DLQI (\u00b1SD)\u00a0was 5.89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.68 while at follow\u2010up it was 3.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.36 (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our preliminary study has demonstrated the validity and tolerability of HCC infiltrations in patients with VLS, and the effectiveness of HCC in reducing symptoms and, thus, to improve sexuality and patient quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T13:34:40Z","timestamp":1646314480000},"page":"449-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of injecting hybrid cooperative complexes of hyaluronic acid for the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: A\u00a0preliminary 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