{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:21:35Z","timestamp":1769062895352,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cosmetic Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melasma is a chronic and acquired pigmentary condition that primarily affects women and undermines patient satisfaction and confidence. Melasma mostly affects females, accounting for 90% of all cases. It affects people of all races, particularly those with skin types IV and V who live in areas with lots of UV radiation. According to the studies, Melasma lesions are seen throughout the face in centrofacial, malar, and mandibular patterns. Melasma lesions on the forehead, cheeks, nose, upper lip, and\/or chin are the most prevalent centrofacial pattern. Melasma lesions can also be detected along the periorbital area, especially in Asian people. Melasma is notably resistant to treatment, with many patients experiencing only temporary relief and relapses. Combining therapies that target numerous pathologic components, including photodamage, inflammation, aberrant vascularity, and abnormal pigmentation, generally results in the most dramatic therapeutic improvements. Treatments for dark circles include topical depigmenting medicines like hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, and topical retinoic acid, and physical treatments such as chemical peels, surgical adjustments, and laser therapy. The objective of therapy should be to figure out what is causing the hyperpigmentation and what is contributing to it. This article provides an overview of melasma therapies and the efficacy of methimazole and cysteamine for melasma therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T10:08:11Z","timestamp":1656151691000},"page":"3867-3875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of cysteamine and methimazole in treating melasma: A comparative narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana","family":"Niazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Students Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Gheisari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamideh","family":"Moravvej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farideh","family":"Doroodgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Negah Specialty Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feizollah","family":"Niazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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